Nutrition Counseling Nutritionists and Dietitians in New Jersey

Photo of Julien Chamoun, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Julien Chamoun
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
1 Endorsed
Totowa, NJ 07512
My name is Julien, and I am a Registered Dietitian with a masters in nutrition education. I have extensive experience working in a clinical setting with all age groups, ethnicities, genders, and medical conditions. In the outpatient facility, we can discuss in great detail what it will take to get you on the right path towards your personal goal.
My name is Julien, and I am a Registered Dietitian with a masters in nutrition education. I have extensive experience working in a clinical setting with all age groups, ethnicities, genders, and medical conditions. In the outpatient facility, we can discuss in great detail what it will take to get you on the right path towards your personal goal.
(973) 692-7901 View (973) 692-7901
Photo of Samantha Wakefield - Hope Nourish Heal, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Hope Nourish Heal
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Pittstown, NJ 08867
Samantha is a registered dietitian in the state of New Jersey. She graduated with a Bachelors of Science degree in Nutrition and Dietetics from West Chester University in Pennsylvania. She attended Rutgers Unviersity for her Dietetic Internship and graduated in 2012. Samantha worked as lead nutrition therapist at the University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro Center for Eating Disorders Care and a dietitian at Center for Discovery. She has experience working across multiple levels of care. She specializes in working with children and adults with eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder.
Samantha is a registered dietitian in the state of New Jersey. She graduated with a Bachelors of Science degree in Nutrition and Dietetics from West Chester University in Pennsylvania. She attended Rutgers Unviersity for her Dietetic Internship and graduated in 2012. Samantha worked as lead nutrition therapist at the University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro Center for Eating Disorders Care and a dietitian at Center for Discovery. She has experience working across multiple levels of care. She specializes in working with children and adults with eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder.
(908) 242-3079 View (908) 242-3079
Photo of John Bock, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, RD, CNSC
John Bock
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, RD, CNSC
Hamilton, NJ 08619
As a Doctor of Clinical Nutrition and over 15 years of experience as a registered dietitian, I have implemented specialty nutrition-focused programs for gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, congestive heart failure, lipid management, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, weight management, bariatric surgery, and women's health. My approach for behavior modification starts with each client setting their own goals and providing motivation to achieve these goals. I want to know what your thoughts are about food and the emotions that stimulate eating. We will openly discuss your nutrition concerns and develop a plan to overcome them.
As a Doctor of Clinical Nutrition and over 15 years of experience as a registered dietitian, I have implemented specialty nutrition-focused programs for gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, congestive heart failure, lipid management, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, weight management, bariatric surgery, and women's health. My approach for behavior modification starts with each client setting their own goals and providing motivation to achieve these goals. I want to know what your thoughts are about food and the emotions that stimulate eating. We will openly discuss your nutrition concerns and develop a plan to overcome them.
(609) 642-1442 View (609) 642-1442
Photo of Kimberly Jaumot, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Kimberly Jaumot
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Montclair, NJ 07043
As a nutritionist, my focus is working with the families of neurodivergent children to improve their nutrition and bring joy back to meal-time. Parents often face unique challenges when it comes to meal planning, and I am here to help alleviate some of that stress. Some families are seeking to improve the quality of food eaten where others want to help their child with gut issues. Whatever the reason, I am here to offer tailored solutions and practical advice to help improve your child's nutrition and overall well-being.
As a nutritionist, my focus is working with the families of neurodivergent children to improve their nutrition and bring joy back to meal-time. Parents often face unique challenges when it comes to meal planning, and I am here to help alleviate some of that stress. Some families are seeking to improve the quality of food eaten where others want to help their child with gut issues. Whatever the reason, I am here to offer tailored solutions and practical advice to help improve your child's nutrition and overall well-being.
(862) 276-2028 View (862) 276-2028
Photo of Joanne Gordon, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CH
Joanne Gordon
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CH
Flemington, NJ 08822
I offer personalized nutrition and wellness services to support heart health, menopause, weight loss, diabetes management, and overall vitality. Each plan is tailored to your unique needs, helping you feel better, stronger, and more in control. To create lasting change, I also integrate HypnoCounseling—guiding you to break subconscious habits that sabotage progress, like emotional eating, procrastination, or stress-driven choices. Together, we build a healthier mindset and sustainable results.
I offer personalized nutrition and wellness services to support heart health, menopause, weight loss, diabetes management, and overall vitality. Each plan is tailored to your unique needs, helping you feel better, stronger, and more in control. To create lasting change, I also integrate HypnoCounseling—guiding you to break subconscious habits that sabotage progress, like emotional eating, procrastination, or stress-driven choices. Together, we build a healthier mindset and sustainable results.
(908) 443-9525 View (908) 443-9525
Photo of Alexandra Paetow, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Alexandra Paetow
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Maplewood, NJ 07040
Ready to finally experience food freedom and improve your fertility, pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood? To nourish your body the way you deserve, and enjoy all the foods without stressing? To lift the burden of body image shame and feel good about the lifestyle you are role modeling for your (future) family. Whether you’ve had a lifelong battle with food, or the changes of pregnancy and postpartum have triggered new challenges…I can help. Let’s take the stress out of eating. Diets and disordered eating steal your joy and can prevent you from creating the family and lifestyle of your dreams. It doesn’t have to be that way.
Ready to finally experience food freedom and improve your fertility, pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood? To nourish your body the way you deserve, and enjoy all the foods without stressing? To lift the burden of body image shame and feel good about the lifestyle you are role modeling for your (future) family. Whether you’ve had a lifelong battle with food, or the changes of pregnancy and postpartum have triggered new challenges…I can help. Let’s take the stress out of eating. Diets and disordered eating steal your joy and can prevent you from creating the family and lifestyle of your dreams. It doesn’t have to be that way.
(908) 336-9736 View (908) 336-9736
Photo of Joanna Hunter - Vita Nutrition Services, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Vita Nutrition Services
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Haddon Heights, NJ 08035
Now accepting new in person & telehealth clients! Eating and living healthfully can be so hard, especially in a culture of misinformation that gives too many messages about what is "good" or "bad" for us. Vita Nutrition Services is different. Here at Vita Nutrition Services, we have a passion for making nutritious food delicious and fun, regardless of your health concerns.We understand your situation is unique, and we will make every effort to help you creatively and sustainably add healthy food to your everyday life.
Now accepting new in person & telehealth clients! Eating and living healthfully can be so hard, especially in a culture of misinformation that gives too many messages about what is "good" or "bad" for us. Vita Nutrition Services is different. Here at Vita Nutrition Services, we have a passion for making nutritious food delicious and fun, regardless of your health concerns.We understand your situation is unique, and we will make every effort to help you creatively and sustainably add healthy food to your everyday life.
(609) 354-7275 View (609) 354-7275
Photo of Tricia Talerico, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DC, MS, Nutr
Tricia Talerico
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DC, MS, Nutr
Oakhurst, NJ 07755
Dr. Tricia Talerico holds a Masters' Degree in Clinical Nutrition and uses her 28 years experience as a healthcare practitioner to understand the unique needs of each of her patients and clients. At the Nutrition and Weight Loss Center of Ocean, "Dr. Trish" understands that the "cookie cutter" approach to individuals with complicated histories and stubborn weight loss just does not work. She uses body composition analysis and other nutritional assessment tools to custom-tailor a program that works with a person's hectic lifestyle and individual needs.
Dr. Tricia Talerico holds a Masters' Degree in Clinical Nutrition and uses her 28 years experience as a healthcare practitioner to understand the unique needs of each of her patients and clients. At the Nutrition and Weight Loss Center of Ocean, "Dr. Trish" understands that the "cookie cutter" approach to individuals with complicated histories and stubborn weight loss just does not work. She uses body composition analysis and other nutritional assessment tools to custom-tailor a program that works with a person's hectic lifestyle and individual needs.
(732) 853-1518 View (732) 853-1518
Photo of Robert Galarowicz - Robert Galarowicz Clinical & Holistic Nutritionist, Nutritionist/Dietitian, ND, CHN
Robert Galarowicz Clinical & Holistic Nutritionist
Nutritionist/Dietitian, ND, CHN
Wood Ridge, NJ 07075
Discover How Clinical Nutrition Can Help You... If You Just Want To Lost A Few Pounds Or Improve A Chronic Health Condition, I Have The Most Complete Therapeutic Nutrition Service FOR YOU! I ENJOY to help people like you to use diet, nutrition and proper nutritional supplements to improve their health. Discover how I can help you ... lose weight, lower cholesterol, reverse diabetes and have more energy. Improve your digestion, eliminate menopause symptoms, depression, anxiety and decrease inflammation. Manage arthritis pain, autoimmune disease, High Blood Pressure and MORE ...Visit my website for $187 of FREE Goodies! Plus a no-charge
Discover How Clinical Nutrition Can Help You... If You Just Want To Lost A Few Pounds Or Improve A Chronic Health Condition, I Have The Most Complete Therapeutic Nutrition Service FOR YOU! I ENJOY to help people like you to use diet, nutrition and proper nutritional supplements to improve their health. Discover how I can help you ... lose weight, lower cholesterol, reverse diabetes and have more energy. Improve your digestion, eliminate menopause symptoms, depression, anxiety and decrease inflammation. Manage arthritis pain, autoimmune disease, High Blood Pressure and MORE ...Visit my website for $187 of FREE Goodies! Plus a no-charge
(201) 345-7495 View (201) 345-7495
Photo of Lauren Carey - LBS Nutrition LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CLT
LBS Nutrition LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CLT
2 Endorsed
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
Food/nutrition plays such a big role in our lives. By fully understanding each clients' specific needs, the LBS Nutrition Registered Dietitian's educate, create, and implement appropriate plans that will suit each individual's lifestyle. It is not a "one size fits all" approach. We work very closely with clients through one on one meetings, continuous online communication, offer weigh ins, support groups, cooking events, and more. We offer both in person and virtual visits. Most insurances accepted.
Food/nutrition plays such a big role in our lives. By fully understanding each clients' specific needs, the LBS Nutrition Registered Dietitian's educate, create, and implement appropriate plans that will suit each individual's lifestyle. It is not a "one size fits all" approach. We work very closely with clients through one on one meetings, continuous online communication, offer weigh ins, support groups, cooking events, and more. We offer both in person and virtual visits. Most insurances accepted.
(732) 587-7551 View (732) 587-7551
Photo of David Sonenberg, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDCES
David Sonenberg
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDCES
Online Only
I combine evidence-based nutrition counseling with motivational coaching.
Are you ready to move beyond restrictive dieting and take permanent control of your health? I partner with adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, managing heart disease, or seeking sustainable weight loss and plant-based nutrition. You don't need another fad diet; you need practical, science-based strategies that actually fit your life. Together, we will build your confidence around food so you can boost your energy, seamlessly manage your blood sugars, and reach your health goals.
I combine evidence-based nutrition counseling with motivational coaching.
Are you ready to move beyond restrictive dieting and take permanent control of your health? I partner with adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, managing heart disease, or seeking sustainable weight loss and plant-based nutrition. You don't need another fad diet; you need practical, science-based strategies that actually fit your life. Together, we will build your confidence around food so you can boost your energy, seamlessly manage your blood sugars, and reach your health goals.
(732) 734-1306 View (732) 734-1306
Photo of Barbara Smith, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Barbara Smith
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Clinton, NJ 08809
Are you tired of feeling fatigued, having digestive issues(such as reflux, diarrhea, bloating, gas), having brain fog, suffering from muscle and joint pain? Do you have a history of Lyme Disease and antibiotic use that can cause "leaky gut" (GI-gastrointestinal tract)? Does your history include chronic health conditions such as IBS, Fibromyalgia, Migraines, Rheumatoid Arthritis or eczema? Through a personalized treatment plan Barbara can help you get to the root cause of your health issues and provide you with the solutions that you need to be able to enjoy life again!
Are you tired of feeling fatigued, having digestive issues(such as reflux, diarrhea, bloating, gas), having brain fog, suffering from muscle and joint pain? Do you have a history of Lyme Disease and antibiotic use that can cause "leaky gut" (GI-gastrointestinal tract)? Does your history include chronic health conditions such as IBS, Fibromyalgia, Migraines, Rheumatoid Arthritis or eczema? Through a personalized treatment plan Barbara can help you get to the root cause of your health issues and provide you with the solutions that you need to be able to enjoy life again!
(908) 988-0438 View (908) 988-0438
Photo of Lori Kolodin, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD
Lori Kolodin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD
Martinsville, NJ 08836
Whether you are struggling with weight issues or are faced with a medical diagnosis which requires nutrition intervention, I offer quality advice and support based upon years of clinical experience. I provide a comfortable, warm and friendly office environment in beautiful Martinsville, NJ with an individually patient focused practice.
Whether you are struggling with weight issues or are faced with a medical diagnosis which requires nutrition intervention, I offer quality advice and support based upon years of clinical experience. I provide a comfortable, warm and friendly office environment in beautiful Martinsville, NJ with an individually patient focused practice.
(908) 988-0621 View (908) 988-0621
Photo of Sara Rivera - Whole Nutrition Center, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Whole Nutrition Center
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Rockaway, NJ 07866
Are you tired of feeling like you don’t have enough energy to support your busy life? Do you constantly feel bloated or that your body does not look and feel the way it used to? Are you frustrated and overwhelmed by all the misinformation constantly floating around the Internet about nutrition? Are you sick of fad diets or counting calories? Do you have a chronic illness that’s leaving you confused about the best food to fuel your body with? Are you fed up with putting a bandaid over your issues and you are now ready to get to the root cause?
Are you tired of feeling like you don’t have enough energy to support your busy life? Do you constantly feel bloated or that your body does not look and feel the way it used to? Are you frustrated and overwhelmed by all the misinformation constantly floating around the Internet about nutrition? Are you sick of fad diets or counting calories? Do you have a chronic illness that’s leaving you confused about the best food to fuel your body with? Are you fed up with putting a bandaid over your issues and you are now ready to get to the root cause?
(973) 221-8545 View (973) 221-8545
Photo of Lexi Moriarty (Sports + Eating Disorder Dietitian), Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CSSD, RYT
Lexi Moriarty (Sports + Eating Disorder Dietitian)
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CSSD, RYT
Online Only
Lexi is currently not accepting any new clients. Lexi is a Certified Sports Dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, eating disorder recovery, and intuitive eating for athletes. Do you struggle with confusion about what to eat for your goals, sport, or training? Do you overthink food decisions, feel guilt around certain choices, and not know how to blend healthy eating with an active social life? Are your low energy levels or tendency to overthink everything you eat getting in the way of your life, happiness, and sports performance? Food and nutrition do not need to be this complicated.
Lexi is currently not accepting any new clients. Lexi is a Certified Sports Dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, eating disorder recovery, and intuitive eating for athletes. Do you struggle with confusion about what to eat for your goals, sport, or training? Do you overthink food decisions, feel guilt around certain choices, and not know how to blend healthy eating with an active social life? Are your low energy levels or tendency to overthink everything you eat getting in the way of your life, happiness, and sports performance? Food and nutrition do not need to be this complicated.
(201) 800-6196 View (201) 800-6196
Photo of Caroline Eisenberg - Caroline Eisenberg, RD, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Caroline Eisenberg, RD
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Berlin, NJ 08009
My name is Caroline, and I'm a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping people achieve their health and wellness goals through evidence-based nutrition counseling.
I take a collaborative approach to nutrition counseling, working closely with my clients to understand their goals and concerns, and developing customized plans that are realistic, sustainable, and effective. I also prioritize education and teaching clients the fundamentals of good nutrition so they can make informed decisions about their health and wellness
My name is Caroline, and I'm a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping people achieve their health and wellness goals through evidence-based nutrition counseling.
I take a collaborative approach to nutrition counseling, working closely with my clients to understand their goals and concerns, and developing customized plans that are realistic, sustainable, and effective. I also prioritize education and teaching clients the fundamentals of good nutrition so they can make informed decisions about their health and wellness
(856) 746-6704 View (856) 746-6704
Photo of Jacqueline Gomes - Busy Woman Weight Loss, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, MBA
Busy Woman Weight Loss
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, MBA
Online Only
Hi! I'm Jacqueline Gomes, RD - For over 19 years, I’ve had the privilege of helping people improve their health through compassionate, personalized nutrition care. As a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, I specialize in weight management, heart health, prediabetes and diabetes, women’s health, PCOS, and perimenopause. My approach blends evidence-based nutrition with real-life, sustainable strategies, because I believe lasting change happens without judgment, shame, or restrictive dieting.
Hi! I'm Jacqueline Gomes, RD - For over 19 years, I’ve had the privilege of helping people improve their health through compassionate, personalized nutrition care. As a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, I specialize in weight management, heart health, prediabetes and diabetes, women’s health, PCOS, and perimenopause. My approach blends evidence-based nutrition with real-life, sustainable strategies, because I believe lasting change happens without judgment, shame, or restrictive dieting.
(848) 216-7251 View (848) 216-7251
Photo of Barbara Baron - Barbara Baron Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, FAND
Barbara Baron Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, FAND
Matawan, NJ 07747
Do you love a family meal and can't find the time or easy meals to keep your family home for dinner? Or are you tired of FAD diets aka "False Affects of Dieting? Barbara, a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN), and Fellow of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, helps build a healthier you ...one meal at a time! She works with corporations and busy parents who want to become their own "MVP" restoring more quality time, energy and vitality by making healthier food choices that also taste great! Barbara will guide you through food choices for Moderation, Variety and Planning to improve health and achieve a healthier weight.
Do you love a family meal and can't find the time or easy meals to keep your family home for dinner? Or are you tired of FAD diets aka "False Affects of Dieting? Barbara, a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN), and Fellow of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, helps build a healthier you ...one meal at a time! She works with corporations and busy parents who want to become their own "MVP" restoring more quality time, energy and vitality by making healthier food choices that also taste great! Barbara will guide you through food choices for Moderation, Variety and Planning to improve health and achieve a healthier weight.
(908) 857-4785 View (908) 857-4785
Photo of Chelsea Hoover - Fuel For Thought Nutrition, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Fuel For Thought Nutrition, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Somers Point, NJ 08244
Specializing in nutrition, exercise, and a holistic approach to wellness, my goal is to provide you the support, tools, & expertise needed to facilitate your health journey. Whether you are starting from square one or simply need a little extra guidance, together we will create a customized plan that meets you where you are.​ No Judgement and no quick fixes. Just a practical and sustainable approach to lifelong wellness.​
Specializing in nutrition, exercise, and a holistic approach to wellness, my goal is to provide you the support, tools, & expertise needed to facilitate your health journey. Whether you are starting from square one or simply need a little extra guidance, together we will create a customized plan that meets you where you are.​ No Judgement and no quick fixes. Just a practical and sustainable approach to lifelong wellness.​
(484) 734-1131 View (484) 734-1131
Photo of Nadia Berry, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Nadia Berry
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Collingswood, NJ 08108
Hi there! I’m Nadia Berry, a Registered Dietitian specializing in supporting individuals navigating eating disorders and body image struggles. I’m here to help you create space between yourself and your eating disorder, guiding you toward a balanced, nourishing relationship with food. My trauma-informed approach blends practical nutrition strategies with compassionate emotional support, helping you heal from within. I meet you where you're at, tailoring my care to support lasting recovery and empower you to live a life that aligns with your values.
Hi there! I’m Nadia Berry, a Registered Dietitian specializing in supporting individuals navigating eating disorders and body image struggles. I’m here to help you create space between yourself and your eating disorder, guiding you toward a balanced, nourishing relationship with food. My trauma-informed approach blends practical nutrition strategies with compassionate emotional support, helping you heal from within. I meet you where you're at, tailoring my care to support lasting recovery and empower you to live a life that aligns with your values.
(856) 925-6676 View (856) 925-6676
Nutrition Counseling Nutritionists and Dietitians
What is nutrition counseling?
Nutrition counseling refers to the services provided by a Registered Dietitian (RD) that focus on diet and nutrition. Individuals often seek nutrition counseling to make diet-related lifestyle changes, especially after being diagnosed with chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. However, nutrition counseling is not limited to these cases, and it can often benefit anyone looking to improve their overall health. Nutrition counselors also often address other aspects of a healthy lifestyle within sessions, such as advising on physical activity, chronic disease management, and mental health. They provide guidance and motivation, often adopting a holistic approach to support clients in achieving their health and wellbeing goals.

Who should see a nutrition counselor?
Many people can benefit from seeing a nutrition counselor; however, individuals with (or at risk of developing) chronic medical conditions or who have specific dietary challenges (for example, IBS, Crohn's disease, etc.) may find a nutrition counselor particularly helpful. Nutrition counselors are specifically trained to use diet modifications to manage health, so consulting a dietitian if you have a chronic condition can be greatly beneficial. Nutrition professionals can help clients understand how their diet impacts their symptoms and suggest strategies to improve overall health. Additionally, dietitians can coordinate with other medical professionals, such as primary care physicians or specialty physicians, to help support the client's overall health.

What happens during a nutrition counseling session?
Nutrition counseling is fundamentally focused on a client's individual health goals. The initial session with a nutrition professional typically involves an evaluation, during which the dietitian seeks to understand the client's reasons for seeking nutrition counseling. This session typically includes discussing the client's health history, current eating habits, lifestyle, and specific nutrition counseling goals. In follow-up sessions, the client and dietitian will typically review progress toward these goals, and the dietitian may examine the client's food intake and suggest areas for improvement. They may also educate the client on diet-related topics, such as ensuring adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables or reducing sodium intake. Additionally, nutrition counselors can help clients stay accountable for other lifestyle changes that support overall health, such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, or moderating alcohol consumption.

What should I look for in a nutrition counselor?
Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from managing medical conditions to addressing lifestyle concerns like weight loss or specific dietary requirements. When looking for a nutrition counselor, it is essential to find someone with expertise in the area of nutrition relevant to your needs. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals in your area to determine the best fit. Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, making it important to look for a professional with RD credentials. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you may be interested in seeking out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR), as these credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area.