Nutritionists and Dietitians in Salem, MA

Photo of Jaimie Winkler - Navigate Nutrition with Jaimie Winkler, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDS-C
Navigate Nutrition with Jaimie Winkler, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDS-C
Salem, MA 01970
You are the expert on you, but don't know where to start. The expanse of the internet often provides confusing, unprofessional, and potentially harmful information about nutrition, weight, and health. I am not focused on "perfect" nutrition. Does it even exist? Let's look at the health and weight messages that influence you and find out what's relevant to YOU. Person versus population. We will have an honest conversation about what you need to focus on and how to make it happen. People expect a dietitian to judge them - but most people leave my office with hope, feeling like they are supported in making incremental change.
You are the expert on you, but don't know where to start. The expanse of the internet often provides confusing, unprofessional, and potentially harmful information about nutrition, weight, and health. I am not focused on "perfect" nutrition. Does it even exist? Let's look at the health and weight messages that influence you and find out what's relevant to YOU. Person versus population. We will have an honest conversation about what you need to focus on and how to make it happen. People expect a dietitian to judge them - but most people leave my office with hope, feeling like they are supported in making incremental change.
(617) 917-3217 View (617) 917-3217
Photo of Erin Kuta, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LDN
Erin Kuta
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LDN
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I'm here to walk alongside you as you build nourishing habits that feel sustainable for your life—whether you're healing from a challenging relationship with food or navigating health concerns without the weight obsession cycle. Here's what I've learned through my own journey and years of practice: nutrition behavior change isn't just about what's on your plate. It's about zooming out to notice the bigger patterns that influence your eating, getting practical about the day-to-day realities (meal planning, cooking, the mental load of it all), and tuning into your internal world—thoughts, emotions, and what your body is telling you.
I'm here to walk alongside you as you build nourishing habits that feel sustainable for your life—whether you're healing from a challenging relationship with food or navigating health concerns without the weight obsession cycle. Here's what I've learned through my own journey and years of practice: nutrition behavior change isn't just about what's on your plate. It's about zooming out to notice the bigger patterns that influence your eating, getting practical about the day-to-day realities (meal planning, cooking, the mental load of it all), and tuning into your internal world—thoughts, emotions, and what your body is telling you.
(781) 343-8981 View (781) 343-8981
Photo of Christine Huntley, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Christine Huntley
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Serves Area
I am passionate about nutrition and believe that food should be enjoyed! I am excited about the opportunity to help you achieve your personal health goals using a holistic approach that not only looks at nutrition, but strengthens all the pillars of health, including sleep, movement, and stress. As a busy mom of young children, I understand the challenges of staying on a healthy path. Personal experience with a hectic lifestyle, stress, and insomnia opened my eyes to the importance of uncovering root causes in order to begin the process of re-balancing life.
I am passionate about nutrition and believe that food should be enjoyed! I am excited about the opportunity to help you achieve your personal health goals using a holistic approach that not only looks at nutrition, but strengthens all the pillars of health, including sleep, movement, and stress. As a busy mom of young children, I understand the challenges of staying on a healthy path. Personal experience with a hectic lifestyle, stress, and insomnia opened my eyes to the importance of uncovering root causes in order to begin the process of re-balancing life.
(351) 277-3403 View (351) 277-3403

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Stacy Garvey - Wellpoint Health Solutions, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MSHS, RD, LDN, CDN
Wellpoint Health Solutions
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MSHS, RD, LDN, CDN
Serves Area
We are a group of Dietitians and Nurse Practitioners here to help you manage and treat a whole host of conditions with lifestyle education including obesity, diabetes, IBS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, reflux, food allergies and many more. We offer Integrative Nutrition and Wellness one-on-one support, group classes, personal training and supplements to help you reach your health goals. We have a solution that will work for everyone!
We are a group of Dietitians and Nurse Practitioners here to help you manage and treat a whole host of conditions with lifestyle education including obesity, diabetes, IBS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, reflux, food allergies and many more. We offer Integrative Nutrition and Wellness one-on-one support, group classes, personal training and supplements to help you reach your health goals. We have a solution that will work for everyone!
(413) 225-8962 View (413) 225-8962
Photo of Kate Thomas - Karuna Wellness Studio, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Karuna Wellness Studio
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Norwood, MA 02062
You’re overwhelmed. Maybe food feels confusing, or your body feels like a mystery. You’re managing chronic disease, disordered eating, digestive issues, anxiety, picky eating, or meal planning burnout—and you’re done with diets and one-size-fits-all advice. You’re looking for someone who gets it and who will guide you with compassion, evidence, and real-life strategies. Our ideal client wants to feel well physically and mentally—not perfect, just more like themselves again. Parents come to us looking for the same support—for their children, teens, or the whole family.
You’re overwhelmed. Maybe food feels confusing, or your body feels like a mystery. You’re managing chronic disease, disordered eating, digestive issues, anxiety, picky eating, or meal planning burnout—and you’re done with diets and one-size-fits-all advice. You’re looking for someone who gets it and who will guide you with compassion, evidence, and real-life strategies. Our ideal client wants to feel well physically and mentally—not perfect, just more like themselves again. Parents come to us looking for the same support—for their children, teens, or the whole family.
(781) 296-8084 View (781) 296-8084
Photo of Dr. Joyce Faraj-Ardura, Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, MS, RDN, LDN
Dr. Joyce Faraj-Ardura
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, MS, RDN, LDN
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you're someone who is interested and ready to make meaningful, lasting changes to reach your health goals, and figure out how to nourish yourself to feel your best, reach out to me. I love supporting busy individuals (entrepreneurs), women navigating life transitions (perimenopause or perinatal), adults with chronic health issues looking to address the root cause of your health concerns, looking to feel your best or just simply find the best way to live your life for optimal health, energy, and mood.
If you're someone who is interested and ready to make meaningful, lasting changes to reach your health goals, and figure out how to nourish yourself to feel your best, reach out to me. I love supporting busy individuals (entrepreneurs), women navigating life transitions (perimenopause or perinatal), adults with chronic health issues looking to address the root cause of your health concerns, looking to feel your best or just simply find the best way to live your life for optimal health, energy, and mood.
(833) 287-7115 View (833) 287-7115
Photo of Karen Kiver Patalano, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MBA, RD, LDN, CDE
Karen Kiver Patalano
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MBA, RD, LDN, CDE
Online Only
Areas of specialty include weight management, avoiding or lowering medications for diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol as well as food sensitivities and sports nutrition. I focus on individual's specific nutritional needs from healthy cooking ideas to supporting extreme fitness endeavors. You will receive recommendations for diet and lifestyle changes to meet your personalized needs and goals. Clients keep a detailed food intake and exercise record using a free online log. By supporting gradual changes over time, the priority is to instill a greater balance in clients thereby creating a more permanent transformation to achieve weight, medical and lifestyle goals.
Areas of specialty include weight management, avoiding or lowering medications for diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol as well as food sensitivities and sports nutrition. I focus on individual's specific nutritional needs from healthy cooking ideas to supporting extreme fitness endeavors. You will receive recommendations for diet and lifestyle changes to meet your personalized needs and goals. Clients keep a detailed food intake and exercise record using a free online log. By supporting gradual changes over time, the priority is to instill a greater balance in clients thereby creating a more permanent transformation to achieve weight, medical and lifestyle goals.
(508) 841-3561 View (508) 841-3561
Photo of Jason Kashdan - Alimente, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Alimente
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Serves Area
Alimente provides 1-on-1 nutrition counseling tailored to each individual's preferences, needs, and values. Together we will make a plan to reshape how you see food.
Alimente provides 1-on-1 nutrition counseling tailored to each individual's preferences, needs, and values. Together we will make a plan to reshape how you see food.
(401) 389-3337 View (401) 389-3337
Photo of Lauren Costello - Embark Nutrition Counseling, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Embark Nutrition Counseling, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Online Only
Do you struggle with your relationship with food or your body? Are you looking for nutrition counseling from a non-diet, body-inclusive perspective? My name is Lauren Costello, and I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who supports individuals in healing their relationship with food and their bodies through compassionate, evidence-based medical nutrition therapy. I work with concerns including eating disorders/disordered eating, compulsive exercise, digestive conditions, and other nutrition-related concerns. You’re welcome to visit my website for more details or reach out to me directly—I’m always happy to chat.
Do you struggle with your relationship with food or your body? Are you looking for nutrition counseling from a non-diet, body-inclusive perspective? My name is Lauren Costello, and I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who supports individuals in healing their relationship with food and their bodies through compassionate, evidence-based medical nutrition therapy. I work with concerns including eating disorders/disordered eating, compulsive exercise, digestive conditions, and other nutrition-related concerns. You’re welcome to visit my website for more details or reach out to me directly—I’m always happy to chat.
(207) 819-9911 View (207) 819-9911
Photo of Rachel Reynolds, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Rachel Reynolds
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Serves Area
I am a licensed, registered dietitian/nutritionist offering virtual nutrition counseling. I enjoy working with adult clients of all ages with any of the following: weight-related concerns, eating disorders, disordered eating thoughts or behaviors, struggles with body image, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson's Disease. I am passionate about helping clients achieve their nutrition goals, and establish a healthy relationship with food and their body, so they can live life to the fullest.
I am a licensed, registered dietitian/nutritionist offering virtual nutrition counseling. I enjoy working with adult clients of all ages with any of the following: weight-related concerns, eating disorders, disordered eating thoughts or behaviors, struggles with body image, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson's Disease. I am passionate about helping clients achieve their nutrition goals, and establish a healthy relationship with food and their body, so they can live life to the fullest.
(617) 553-4297 View (617) 553-4297
Photo of Maddie McSweeney, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Maddie McSweeney
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Maddie is a Registered Dietitian dedicated to helping people achieve their goals while feeling inspired and empowered. She is committed to enhancing individuals' quality of life and guiding them toward becoming the best, healthiest version of themselves through diet and lifestyle changes.
Maddie is a Registered Dietitian dedicated to helping people achieve their goals while feeling inspired and empowered. She is committed to enhancing individuals' quality of life and guiding them toward becoming the best, healthiest version of themselves through diet and lifestyle changes.
(415) 881-1547 View (415) 881-1547
Photo of Elizabeth Dunne, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LD
Elizabeth Dunne
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LD
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Elizabeth is a Registered Dietitian with over six years of experience helping individuals make healthier choices and achieve their goals. Using intuitive eating principles and a compassionate, client-centered approach, she tailors evidence-based plans to meet each person’s needs. Specializing in wellness, diabetes, and heart health, Elizabeth empowers clients with the tools and support they need to make lasting changes. Her compassionate counseling ensures that clients feel heard, confident, and motivated on their journey to improved health and well-being.
Elizabeth is a Registered Dietitian with over six years of experience helping individuals make healthier choices and achieve their goals. Using intuitive eating principles and a compassionate, client-centered approach, she tailors evidence-based plans to meet each person’s needs. Specializing in wellness, diabetes, and heart health, Elizabeth empowers clients with the tools and support they need to make lasting changes. Her compassionate counseling ensures that clients feel heard, confident, and motivated on their journey to improved health and well-being.
(901) 499-2720 View (901) 499-2720
Photo of Emily Kozarsky - Nutrition With Emily, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN
Nutrition With Emily
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN
Burlington, MA 01803
My passion is helping women live their best lives and feel in control of their bodies.
My passion is helping women live their best lives and feel in control of their bodies.
(339) 345-2632 View (339) 345-2632
Photo of Shelby Keys, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Shelby Keys
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Registered Dietitian who specializes in gut health/digestive conditions, weight loss, and behavior modification to sustain a healthier lifestyle. My goal is to help busy individuals optimize and improve their health while implementing science-based, sustainable, and personalized strategies. With over 11+ years of nutrition counseling experience, I am here to empower, educate, and collaborate with you in order to help you achieve your nutrition goals. In our first session you can expect a comprehensive nutrition assessment, as well as education, and counseling in order to create a plan that works specifically for you!
I am a Registered Dietitian who specializes in gut health/digestive conditions, weight loss, and behavior modification to sustain a healthier lifestyle. My goal is to help busy individuals optimize and improve their health while implementing science-based, sustainable, and personalized strategies. With over 11+ years of nutrition counseling experience, I am here to empower, educate, and collaborate with you in order to help you achieve your nutrition goals. In our first session you can expect a comprehensive nutrition assessment, as well as education, and counseling in order to create a plan that works specifically for you!
(585) 401-7092 View (585) 401-7092
Photo of Chelsea Saltzman, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Chelsea Saltzman
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal client can be of any age or background. They may be seeking weight loss, better performance, improved labs, muscle gain, or a healthier relationship with food. What matters most is that they’re open to problem-solving—willing to examine habits with curiosity, apply evidence practically, and use accountability to measure progress. They understand that change requires consistency, reflection, and course correction; if they’re not fully ready, they’re willing to explore what’s in the way.
My ideal client can be of any age or background. They may be seeking weight loss, better performance, improved labs, muscle gain, or a healthier relationship with food. What matters most is that they’re open to problem-solving—willing to examine habits with curiosity, apply evidence practically, and use accountability to measure progress. They understand that change requires consistency, reflection, and course correction; if they’re not fully ready, they’re willing to explore what’s in the way.
(314) 722-6465 View (314) 722-6465
Photo of Alexis Beck, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LDN
Alexis Beck
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LDN
Online Only
NutritionRx is a concierge private practice offering personalized, evidence-based nutrition and weight management solutions. Led by Alexis Beck, RD, an Advanced Practice Nutritionist specializing in Medical Obesity, NutritionRx collaborates with top obesity physicians in Boston. Alexis creates custom nutrition plans tailored to your lifestyle, challenges, and goals, promoting sustainable, non-deprivation wellness.
NutritionRx is a concierge private practice offering personalized, evidence-based nutrition and weight management solutions. Led by Alexis Beck, RD, an Advanced Practice Nutritionist specializing in Medical Obesity, NutritionRx collaborates with top obesity physicians in Boston. Alexis creates custom nutrition plans tailored to your lifestyle, challenges, and goals, promoting sustainable, non-deprivation wellness.
(617) 606-5360 View (617) 606-5360
Photo of Kristine Anne Bahr, Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, M.S.
Kristine Anne Bahr
Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, M.S.
Online Only
I help women navigatie perimenopause and menopause, hormonal imbalances by creating real, lasting change in how they feel day to day. I am not offering quick tips, but deep, transformational support grounded in my own experience, extensive knowledge, and ongoing research. I offer advanced lab testing, including state of the art hormone testing, microbiome testing, and cortisol testing, so we can truly understand what is happening in your body and tailor a plan to your needs.
I help women navigatie perimenopause and menopause, hormonal imbalances by creating real, lasting change in how they feel day to day. I am not offering quick tips, but deep, transformational support grounded in my own experience, extensive knowledge, and ongoing research. I offer advanced lab testing, including state of the art hormone testing, microbiome testing, and cortisol testing, so we can truly understand what is happening in your body and tailor a plan to your needs.
(857) 575-4708 View (857) 575-4708
Photo of Alisa Peterson, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Alisa Peterson
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Online Only
GLP-1 nutrition specialist and virtual registered dietitian providing care to clients across Massachusetts, helping adults with weight management, healthy weight gain, and appetite changes (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro). I support fatigue, nausea, and unintentional weight shifts while preserving muscle and bone health. My approach focuses on sustainable habits, realistic nutrition adjustments, and how you feel and function—not just the scale.
GLP-1 nutrition specialist and virtual registered dietitian providing care to clients across Massachusetts, helping adults with weight management, healthy weight gain, and appetite changes (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro). I support fatigue, nausea, and unintentional weight shifts while preserving muscle and bone health. My approach focuses on sustainable habits, realistic nutrition adjustments, and how you feel and function—not just the scale.
(339) 217-5811 View (339) 217-5811
Photo of Allison Filepp, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN, RMT
Allison Filepp
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN, RMT
Online Only
As an integrative clinical dietitian, Allison believes in a whole systems approach. She uses the latest in evidence-based nutrition practice to find the root cause of illness by reviewing and analyzing medical history, symptoms, diet history, and lifestyle for each individual. From a biological perspective, every body is unique so you can expect nutrition and meal plans to always be customized for your specific needs and to mesh easily with your lifestyle.
As an integrative clinical dietitian, Allison believes in a whole systems approach. She uses the latest in evidence-based nutrition practice to find the root cause of illness by reviewing and analyzing medical history, symptoms, diet history, and lifestyle for each individual. From a biological perspective, every body is unique so you can expect nutrition and meal plans to always be customized for your specific needs and to mesh easily with your lifestyle.
(844) 612-3954 View (844) 612-3954
Photo of Jill M Nelligan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Jill M Nelligan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Online Only
At South Shore Family Nutrition, we strive to create a safe and positive space to provide nutrition counseling for individuals and families. Jill Nelligan, owner and registered dietitian, practices from an Intuitive Eating and Health at Every Size lens. She works with clients to improve their relationship with food and their body, taking an individualized approach to every session. Whether you’re a parent looking for information to help your child make healthier choices, or an individual looking to make changes in your own life, we’re here to help.
At South Shore Family Nutrition, we strive to create a safe and positive space to provide nutrition counseling for individuals and families. Jill Nelligan, owner and registered dietitian, practices from an Intuitive Eating and Health at Every Size lens. She works with clients to improve their relationship with food and their body, taking an individualized approach to every session. Whether you’re a parent looking for information to help your child make healthier choices, or an individual looking to make changes in your own life, we’re here to help.
(857) 256-5248 View (857) 256-5248
FAQs - About Nutritionists and Dietitians

How can I find a dietitian or nutritionist in Salem?

To find dietitians and nutritionists near you, input your city, town, suburb, zip code, or a provider's name in the search bar at the top of the page. From there, you can filter by specialty, treatment technique, and gender to find a dietitian or nutritionist who matches your needs.

When you visit a dietitian or nutritionist's profile, you can get a better idea if they're the right fit for you. Consider things like session cost, accepted insurance plans, and their location or telehealth options. If someone seems like a good match, you can email them or call the number on their profile. When speaking with a professional, pay attention to whether or not you feel comfortable in the conversation and how knowledgeable they are about your specific nutrition concerns. It may also be helpful to ask more about their general approach to nutrition and the training behind their credentials.

What is the difference between a dietitian and a nutritionist?

The terms dietitian and nutritionist are often used interchangeably. However, there are actually key credential differences between dietitians and nutritionists that are important to keep in mind when seeking a nutrition professional.

A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) has earned at least a graduate degree from an accredited program, completed a supervised practice program, passed the Commission on Dietetic Registration exam, and continues their education regularly. The RD and RDN credentials are regulated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the largest nutrition-related organization in the country. Only professionals who meet their standards can call themselves an RD or RDN and enjoy privileges like billing insurance. Additionally, RDs and RDNs can get board certifications in specialized areas such as gerontological nutrition (CSG), sports dietetics (CSSD), pediatric nutrition (CSP), renal nutrition (CSR), or oncology nutrition (CSO). They also need state licensure, which usually aligns with national requirements.

In contrast, the title "nutritionist" doesn't require any formal education or credentials; anyone can use the title of nutritionist, including those with very limited or no formal training in nutrition. Although there are certification programs that are marketed toward those interested in nutrition counseling, the rigor and academic requirements for such programs varies greatly. These important differences between dietitians and nutritionists are thus very important to consider when choosing the right nutrition professional for your needs. To be listed in the HealthProfs directory, Nutritionists must have a minimum of a Masters Degree in a relevant field.

When should I see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from medical conditions to lifestyle concerns like weight loss or dietary requirements; however, it's always important to find a professional who is a good fit for you. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, your specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals near you to determine whether a dietitian or nutritionist may be a better fit.

Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, especially for those with medical conditions. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you might want to seek out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR). These credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area. Additionally, consider the availability of professionals in your area and their openness to telehealth sessions. While the field of dietetics is growing, there may not always be a wide selection of professionals, especially in rural areas. In such cases, focusing on the experience and expertise of the nutrition professional can be more important than their specific credentials.

Do I need a referral to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

A referral is not required to see a dietitian or nutritionist, and many individuals independently seek nutritional support without prior medical advice. However, for a nutrition service to be covered by insurance, a referral from a primary care physician or another medical professional may be necessary. In such cases, a referral is typically made for those who have been formally diagnosed with a medical condition requiring nutrition counseling, such as diabetes or hypertension. If insurance coverage is critical to a client's ability to see a dietitian, they should contact their insurance provider to determine if a referral is needed for nutritional counseling and to understand any potential co-pays or coverage limits that may apply in their individual circumstance.

How much does it cost to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

The cost of seeing a dietitian or nutritionist depends on a number of variables, including their location, their specialty, whether they take insurance, and the professional's experience and training. On average, the cost of out-of-pocket sessions with a dietitian or nutritionist within the United States ranges from $50-$150. In some cases, nutrition professionals will require a longer initial evaluation session that will cost more than ongoing follow-up sessions. Dietitians and nutritionists may also offer packages for clients interested in longer-term nutritional support; in such cases, they may charge monthly or other periodic fees for more comprehensive services, such as a combination of nutrition sessions and out-of-session coaching support. If nutrition services are covered by a client's insurance plan and they are eligible for coverage based on any referral requirements, the out-of-pocket cost of seeing a dietitian may be completely covered or significantly reduced.

Are consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist covered by insurance?

If your insurance covers nutrition services, the cost is usually lower than paying out-of-pocket. However, insurance coverage can vary based on factors like your specific plan details, whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network provider, and whether you have a referral for nutrition services based on a medical diagnosis.

Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee. However, these spots are often limited and may not always be available.