Nutritionists and Dietitians in North Richland Hills, TX

Photo of Kimberly Ann Glaser, MS, RDN, LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Kimberly Ann Glaser
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LD
Verified Verified
North Richland Hills, TX 76180
Have you been diagnosed with High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, Pre-diabetes, Diabetes, or PCOS? Do you struggle with maintaining a healthy weight? If you've tried to lose weight by trying popular "diets" as seen in the media, you have probably experienced your weight yo-yo instead of a permanent, sustainable weight loss.
Have you been diagnosed with High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, Pre-diabetes, Diabetes, or PCOS? Do you struggle with maintaining a healthy weight? If you've tried to lose weight by trying popular "diets" as seen in the media, you have probably experienced your weight yo-yo instead of a permanent, sustainable weight loss.
(682) 334-8686 View (682) 334-8686
Photo of Jun Zhao - Diabesity Specialist, CDCES, RD, LD, MS, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Diabesity Specialist
Nutritionist/Dietitian, CDCES, RD, LD, MS
Verified Verified
North Richland Hills, TX 76182
I faced significant health challenges growing up, struggling with Inflammatory Bowel Disease throughout my childhood and into adulthood. My interest in nutrition grew as I realized it could greatly improve my quality of life. I strongly believe in the power of food as medicine, as it has transformed my health and benefited my entire family. Additionally, I developed a deep interest in diabetes care, which led me to become a Board-Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist 25+ years ago. I've helped many patients lower their A1C levels and achieve significant weight loss and improve stamina through simple lifestyle changes.
I faced significant health challenges growing up, struggling with Inflammatory Bowel Disease throughout my childhood and into adulthood. My interest in nutrition grew as I realized it could greatly improve my quality of life. I strongly believe in the power of food as medicine, as it has transformed my health and benefited my entire family. Additionally, I developed a deep interest in diabetes care, which led me to become a Board-Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist 25+ years ago. I've helped many patients lower their A1C levels and achieve significant weight loss and improve stamina through simple lifestyle changes.
(817) 934-5212 View (817) 934-5212
Photo of Cherie Head - Today's nutrition, RD, LD, CLT, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Today's nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, LD, CLT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Richland Hills, TX 76180
Cherie's passion and mission is to help people take control of their health by helping them to understand the connection between their health and the foods they eat. Cherie has traveled extensively, both nationally and abroad, to further her studies of the medicinal effects of food on the body. In 2004, Cherie completed her educational curriculum from Texas Women's University at Denton, Texas and earned her R.D., L.D. accreditation and licensure. She has worked on furthering her knowledge by working on her Masters in Nutrition degree at Texas Women's University.
Cherie's passion and mission is to help people take control of their health by helping them to understand the connection between their health and the foods they eat. Cherie has traveled extensively, both nationally and abroad, to further her studies of the medicinal effects of food on the body. In 2004, Cherie completed her educational curriculum from Texas Women's University at Denton, Texas and earned her R.D., L.D. accreditation and licensure. She has worked on furthering her knowledge by working on her Masters in Nutrition degree at Texas Women's University.
(817) 631-2880 View (817) 631-2880
Photo of Tuesday Joy Brooks, MBA, RDN, LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Tuesday Joy Brooks
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MBA, RDN, LD
Verified Verified
North Richland Hills, TX 76182
I help cancer survivors thrive during treatment, reduce recurrence risk, and eat without stress and fear so that you can get your energy back and feel like yourself again.
I help cancer survivors thrive during treatment, reduce recurrence risk, and eat without stress and fear so that you can get your energy back and feel like yourself again.
(719) 454-2546 View (719) 454-2546
Photo of Ann M Swanson, RDN, LD, CLT, FMNS, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Ann M Swanson
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LD, CLT, FMNS
Verified Verified
North Richland Hills, TX 76182
I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in Southlake, Texas who has a passion for helping you learn how to eat a healthy diet without eliminating all the foods you love. I am here to help make your life better!
I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in Southlake, Texas who has a passion for helping you learn how to eat a healthy diet without eliminating all the foods you love. I am here to help make your life better!
(214) 516-7857 View (214) 516-7857

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Adrienne DePaul, MS,  RD, RDN, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Adrienne DePaul
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76104  (Online Only)
I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who practices out of Health Loft helping clients whom have PCOS, interests in Pre/PostPartum nutrition, Gestational Diabetes, Diabetes, or Weight Management. I help clients to craft personalized, attainable, and sustainable dietary and lifestyle changes that support their health. By collaboratively designing small, impactful steps that preserve quality of life and promote personal choice, I help my clients achieve their goals from better blood sugar control to increased energy.
I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who practices out of Health Loft helping clients whom have PCOS, interests in Pre/PostPartum nutrition, Gestational Diabetes, Diabetes, or Weight Management. I help clients to craft personalized, attainable, and sustainable dietary and lifestyle changes that support their health. By collaboratively designing small, impactful steps that preserve quality of life and promote personal choice, I help my clients achieve their goals from better blood sugar control to increased energy.
(469) 382-5972 View (469) 382-5972
Photo of Sara Muschkin, RD, LDN, MS, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Sara Muschkin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, LDN, MS
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76102
Sara has been a Registered Dietitian since 2016. She specializes in providing medical nutrition therapy for oncology patients. She works with patients prior to starting cancer treatment, during treatment, and for nutrition therapy after completing treatment. During her spare time, Sara enjoys traveling, playing tennis, and hiking.
Sara has been a Registered Dietitian since 2016. She specializes in providing medical nutrition therapy for oncology patients. She works with patients prior to starting cancer treatment, during treatment, and for nutrition therapy after completing treatment. During her spare time, Sara enjoys traveling, playing tennis, and hiking.
(630) 415-2829 View (630) 415-2829
Photo of Ashley Walls, RDN, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Ashley Walls
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76104  (Online Only)
Ashley Walls specializes in working with clients interested in general healthy eating, and conditions including Eating Disorders, Disordered Eating, Celiac, Crohn's, IBS, Intuitive Eating and more. With 3 years of experience at a residential treatment level, Ashley is well versed on the difficulties associated with co-occurring diagnosis and eating disorder recovery. She believes that all foods fit through practice of balance, variety and moderation. Her past experiences as an athlete and personal trainer has prompted a particular interest in sports nutrition.
Ashley Walls specializes in working with clients interested in general healthy eating, and conditions including Eating Disorders, Disordered Eating, Celiac, Crohn's, IBS, Intuitive Eating and more. With 3 years of experience at a residential treatment level, Ashley is well versed on the difficulties associated with co-occurring diagnosis and eating disorder recovery. She believes that all foods fit through practice of balance, variety and moderation. Her past experiences as an athlete and personal trainer has prompted a particular interest in sports nutrition.
(469) 820-3567 View (469) 820-3567
Photo of Rosemary Holtz, RD, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Rosemary Holtz
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, LDN
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76104
Rosemary is a Registered Dietitian and Licensed Dietitian Nutritionist certified by the Commission on Dietetic Registration. She completed her dietetic clinicals at UChicago Medicine Ingalls Memorial after graduating from the University of Pittsburgh.Rosemary credits her strong clinical foundation when applying evidenced-based medical nutrition therapy to clients one on one. She believes creating small changes over time will make a large difference - especially when it comes to nutrition! Working together, Rosemary will help you create an individualized nutrition plan to reach your nutrition goals.
Rosemary is a Registered Dietitian and Licensed Dietitian Nutritionist certified by the Commission on Dietetic Registration. She completed her dietetic clinicals at UChicago Medicine Ingalls Memorial after graduating from the University of Pittsburgh.Rosemary credits her strong clinical foundation when applying evidenced-based medical nutrition therapy to clients one on one. She believes creating small changes over time will make a large difference - especially when it comes to nutrition! Working together, Rosemary will help you create an individualized nutrition plan to reach your nutrition goals.
(630) 757-8218 View (630) 757-8218
Photo of McKinsey Oveson, RDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
McKinsey Oveson
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76102  (Online Only)
My mission as a Registered Dietitian is to empower individuals and families to achieve their health goals through personalized nutrition. Specializing in weight management, diabetes, and pregnancy/postpartum nutrition, I believe that individualized care is key to promoting lasting change. My approach emphasizes understanding your unique challenges and aspirations, and together, creating a plan that fits into your lifestyle.
My mission as a Registered Dietitian is to empower individuals and families to achieve their health goals through personalized nutrition. Specializing in weight management, diabetes, and pregnancy/postpartum nutrition, I believe that individualized care is key to promoting lasting change. My approach emphasizes understanding your unique challenges and aspirations, and together, creating a plan that fits into your lifestyle.
(385) 600-7881 View (385) 600-7881
Photo of Anne Suelzer, RDN, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Anne Suelzer
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76102  (Online Only)
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
(817) 904-2629 View (817) 904-2629
Photo of Anne Suelzer, RDN, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Anne Suelzer
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76104  (Online Only)
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
(469) 960-5661 View (469) 960-5661
Photo of Chris Bramich, MS, CNS, BCHN, FNTP, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Chris Bramich
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, BCHN, FNTP
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76137
HELLO! Like you, I once suffered from health problems that affected my ability to live life to its fullest potential. You've probably seen a lot of practitioners and have been searching for root causes, answers and some direction. I've been there. Today, I have a practice where I PARTNER with you so that we can work together to restore your health. We'll work on balancing your diet and lifestyle and discuss what supplements are best for you. I offer multiple forms of testing and can read labs you've already done. I offer a FREE 10 minute phone consultation to see if we'll be a good fit. Get in touch and we'll get started!
HELLO! Like you, I once suffered from health problems that affected my ability to live life to its fullest potential. You've probably seen a lot of practitioners and have been searching for root causes, answers and some direction. I've been there. Today, I have a practice where I PARTNER with you so that we can work together to restore your health. We'll work on balancing your diet and lifestyle and discuss what supplements are best for you. I offer multiple forms of testing and can read labs you've already done. I offer a FREE 10 minute phone consultation to see if we'll be a good fit. Get in touch and we'll get started!
(817) 769-2453 View (817) 769-2453
Photo of Elise Vega, PSM, RDN, LDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Elise Vega
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PSM, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76102  (Online Only)
Elise is a dietitian who focuses on using realistic approaches to help you improve your health through nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyle practices. Her approach to nutrition is holistic and client centered. She takes the time to fully understand your unique lifestyle, preferences, and challenges to create a realistic nutrition plan together as a team. Elise believes in the power of using high quality nutrient dense foods to support all aspects of your health and wellbeing.
Elise is a dietitian who focuses on using realistic approaches to help you improve your health through nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyle practices. Her approach to nutrition is holistic and client centered. She takes the time to fully understand your unique lifestyle, preferences, and challenges to create a realistic nutrition plan together as a team. Elise believes in the power of using high quality nutrient dense foods to support all aspects of your health and wellbeing.
(984) 300-4114 View (984) 300-4114
Photo of Lesley Lovely, MS, RD, CDE, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Lesley Lovely
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDE
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76101
In my practice I specialize in helping people with blood sugar issues (pre-diabetes, diabetes) and those with high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and celiac disease, learn to eat differently to improve these medical conditions. I also work with people who desire to lose weight. I do not believe in rushing through appointments, trying to see several people in one day. Instead, I focus on completing a thorough assessment to help guide me in developing your meal plan. I also allow adequate time at follow up sessions to help ensure your success.
In my practice I specialize in helping people with blood sugar issues (pre-diabetes, diabetes) and those with high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and celiac disease, learn to eat differently to improve these medical conditions. I also work with people who desire to lose weight. I do not believe in rushing through appointments, trying to see several people in one day. Instead, I focus on completing a thorough assessment to help guide me in developing your meal plan. I also allow adequate time at follow up sessions to help ensure your success.
(817) 318-7460 View (817) 318-7460
Photo of Adyson Klingenberg, MS, RD, LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Adyson Klingenberg
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LD
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76104
Are you struggling with sleep, fatigue, and mood swings? Are you frustrated with hormonal weight gain despite your best nutritional efforts? Even worse, do you feel your health concerns aren't being adequately addressed by your healthcare providers? If you're struggling with hormonal imbalance, you may be able to experience relief with some targeted nutritional changes.
Are you struggling with sleep, fatigue, and mood swings? Are you frustrated with hormonal weight gain despite your best nutritional efforts? Even worse, do you feel your health concerns aren't being adequately addressed by your healthcare providers? If you're struggling with hormonal imbalance, you may be able to experience relief with some targeted nutritional changes.
(469) 770-7726 View (469) 770-7726
Photo of Tanika D Carr, RDN , LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Tanika D Carr
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN , LD
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76102
My healthy approach to eating and living plan features dozens of options to live your life as healthy as you can without the feeling of sacrificing everything you have always known.  My meal plans are easy to follow as well as recipes and they are all designed especially to help you kick start your healthy lifestyle and get hold of your health, start today!
My healthy approach to eating and living plan features dozens of options to live your life as healthy as you can without the feeling of sacrificing everything you have always known.  My meal plans are easy to follow as well as recipes and they are all designed especially to help you kick start your healthy lifestyle and get hold of your health, start today!
(682) 310-5561 View (682) 310-5561
Photo of Olivia Joy Castellanos, RD, CDN, LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Olivia Joy Castellanos
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN, LD
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76102  (Online Only)
Olivia is registered dietitian who specializes in helping women improve their relationship with food and body. She works with women who have tried everything to lose weight and have been unsuccessful because of years of restrictive dieting. When you work with her... Not only will you lose weight and keep it off but you will have a better relationship with food too. She is going to bridge the gap between "I'm trying to figure this out" to " I am doing this and seeing results". No more googling, no more stress, no more frustrating morning on the scale or when you are getting dressed.
Olivia is registered dietitian who specializes in helping women improve their relationship with food and body. She works with women who have tried everything to lose weight and have been unsuccessful because of years of restrictive dieting. When you work with her... Not only will you lose weight and keep it off but you will have a better relationship with food too. She is going to bridge the gap between "I'm trying to figure this out" to " I am doing this and seeing results". No more googling, no more stress, no more frustrating morning on the scale or when you are getting dressed.
View
Photo of Registered Dietitians - Fuel For Life, LLC, RD,  LD, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Fuel For Life, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, LD
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76118
Our mission is to empower individuals to make informed and healthy choices about their nutrition and lifestyle. We believe that proper nutrition is the foundation for a happy and fulfilling life, and we strive to help our clients achieve their goals by providing personalized, evidence-based guidance and support.
Our mission is to empower individuals to make informed and healthy choices about their nutrition and lifestyle. We believe that proper nutrition is the foundation for a happy and fulfilling life, and we strive to help our clients achieve their goals by providing personalized, evidence-based guidance and support.
(210) 405-5986 View (210) 405-5986
Photo of Julia Herbst, MS, RDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Julia Herbst
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Verified Verified
Fort Worth, TX 76102  (Online Only)
Julia is a dedicated Registered Dietitian with a commitment to helping individuals overcome eating disorders and cultivate a healthy relationship with food. Julia strives to bring a compassionate and non-judgmental demeanor to foster a safe space where individuals feel heard and understood, making her a ready and capable resource in the challenging but transformative process of overcoming nutrition challenges. Julia offers a wealth of knowledge that comes from years of working in the inpatient setting.
Julia is a dedicated Registered Dietitian with a commitment to helping individuals overcome eating disorders and cultivate a healthy relationship with food. Julia strives to bring a compassionate and non-judgmental demeanor to foster a safe space where individuals feel heard and understood, making her a ready and capable resource in the challenging but transformative process of overcoming nutrition challenges. Julia offers a wealth of knowledge that comes from years of working in the inpatient setting.
(312) 494-0401 View (312) 494-0401
FAQs - About Nutritionists and Dietitians

How can I find a dietitian or nutritionist in North Richland Hills?

To find dietitians and nutritionists near you, input your city, town, suburb, zip code, or a provider's name in the search bar at the top of the page. From there, you can filter by specialty, treatment technique, and gender to find a dietitian or nutritionist who matches your needs.

When you visit a dietitian or nutritionist's profile, you can get a better idea if they're the right fit for you. Consider things like session cost, accepted insurance plans, and their location or telehealth options. If someone seems like a good match, you can email them or call the number on their profile. When speaking with a professional, pay attention to whether or not you feel comfortable in the conversation and how knowledgeable they are about your specific nutrition concerns. It may also be helpful to ask more about their general approach to nutrition and the training behind their credentials.

What is the difference between a dietitian and a nutritionist?

The terms dietitian and nutritionist are often used interchangeably. However, there are actually key credential differences between dietitians and nutritionists that are important to keep in mind when seeking a nutrition professional.

A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) has earned at least a graduate degree from an accredited program, completed a supervised practice program, passed the Commission on Dietetic Registration exam, and continues their education regularly. The RD and RDN credentials are regulated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the largest nutrition-related organization in the country. Only professionals who meet their standards can call themselves an RD or RDN and enjoy privileges like billing insurance. Additionally, RDs and RDNs can get board certifications in specialized areas such as gerontological nutrition (CSG), sports dietetics (CSSD), pediatric nutrition (CSP), renal nutrition (CSR), or oncology nutrition (CSO). They also need state licensure, which usually aligns with national requirements.

In contrast, the title "nutritionist" doesn't require any formal education or credentials; anyone can use the title of nutritionist, including those with very limited or no formal training in nutrition. Although there are certification programs that are marketed toward those interested in nutrition counseling, the rigor and academic requirements for such programs varies greatly. These important differences between dietitians and nutritionists are thus very important to consider when choosing the right nutrition professional for your needs. To be listed in the HealthProfs directory, Nutritionists must have a minimum of a Masters Degree in a relevant field.

When should I see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from medical conditions to lifestyle concerns like weight loss or dietary requirements; however, it's always important to find a professional who is a good fit for you. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, your specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals near you to determine whether a dietitian or nutritionist may be a better fit.

Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, especially for those with medical conditions. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you might want to seek out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR). These credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area. Additionally, consider the availability of professionals in your area and their openness to telehealth sessions. While the field of dietetics is growing, there may not always be a wide selection of professionals, especially in rural areas. In such cases, focusing on the experience and expertise of the nutrition professional can be more important than their specific credentials.

Do I need a referral to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

A referral is not required to see a dietitian or nutritionist, and many individuals independently seek nutritional support without prior medical advice. However, for a nutrition service to be covered by insurance, a referral from a primary care physician or another medical professional may be necessary. In such cases, a referral is typically made for those who have been formally diagnosed with a medical condition requiring nutrition counseling, such as diabetes or hypertension. If insurance coverage is critical to a client's ability to see a dietitian, they should contact their insurance provider to determine if a referral is needed for nutritional counseling and to understand any potential co-pays or coverage limits that may apply in their individual circumstance.

How much does it cost to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

The cost of seeing a dietitian or nutritionist depends on a number of variables, including their location, their specialty, whether they take insurance, and the professional's experience and training. On average, the cost of out-of-pocket sessions with a dietitian or nutritionist within the United States ranges from $50-$150. In some cases, nutrition professionals will require a longer initial evaluation session that will cost more than ongoing follow-up sessions. Dietitians and nutritionists may also offer packages for clients interested in longer-term nutritional support; in such cases, they may charge monthly or other periodic fees for more comprehensive services, such as a combination of nutrition sessions and out-of-session coaching support. If nutrition services are covered by a client's insurance plan and they are eligible for coverage based on any referral requirements, the out-of-pocket cost of seeing a dietitian may be completely covered or significantly reduced.

Are consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist covered by insurance?

If your insurance covers nutrition services, the cost is usually lower than paying out-of-pocket. However, insurance coverage can vary based on factors like your specific plan details, whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network provider, and whether you have a referral for nutrition services based on a medical diagnosis.

Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee. However, these spots are often limited and may not always be available.