Nutrition Counseling Nutritionists and Dietitians in 95240

Photo of Kelly Sea, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Kelly Sea
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Serves Area
I love helping people with diabetes make sense of the condition and ultimately overcome it! Type 2 diabetes reversal IS possible (despite what other health professionals may have said), and it can be done naturally, with real food, minimizing the need for medications and supplements.
I love helping people with diabetes make sense of the condition and ultimately overcome it! Type 2 diabetes reversal IS possible (despite what other health professionals may have said), and it can be done naturally, with real food, minimizing the need for medications and supplements.
(209) 309-3285 View (209) 309-3285

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Kathy Kennedy Hutton, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD
Kathy Kennedy Hutton
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD
Elk Grove, CA 95758
I have over 20 years experience as a Registered Dietitian with a master's degree in Public Health Nutrition (MPH). I also have a bachelor's degree in Exercise Physiology and am a Certified Personal Trainer through the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). I focus on the whole person and want to help you achieve a healthy lifestyle with an evaluation of current exercise and eating habits; assessment of labs, medications, and supplements; discussion of medical conditions; and goal setting for your particular concerns. Let me help you be the best you can be!
I have over 20 years experience as a Registered Dietitian with a master's degree in Public Health Nutrition (MPH). I also have a bachelor's degree in Exercise Physiology and am a Certified Personal Trainer through the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). I focus on the whole person and want to help you achieve a healthy lifestyle with an evaluation of current exercise and eating habits; assessment of labs, medications, and supplements; discussion of medical conditions; and goal setting for your particular concerns. Let me help you be the best you can be!
(916) 512-6955 View (916) 512-6955
Photo of Rebecca Dardashti, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Rebecca Dardashti
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Serves Area
As a GI-focused Dietitian, I’m here to guide and empower you to reduce your gastrointestinal symptoms, clarify the uncertainty of what and how to eat, and reduce the stress associated with eating. We will work together to develop an approach to eating that is sustainable, realistic, and doesn’t feel like deprivation! I have helped clients with bloating, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, SIBO, IBD (Crohn’s/UC), Celiac, diverticulosis/itis, esophageal disorders, and more. I am also experienced in counseling for weight management, diabetes, and general wellness.
As a GI-focused Dietitian, I’m here to guide and empower you to reduce your gastrointestinal symptoms, clarify the uncertainty of what and how to eat, and reduce the stress associated with eating. We will work together to develop an approach to eating that is sustainable, realistic, and doesn’t feel like deprivation! I have helped clients with bloating, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, SIBO, IBD (Crohn’s/UC), Celiac, diverticulosis/itis, esophageal disorders, and more. I am also experienced in counseling for weight management, diabetes, and general wellness.
(424) 226-3428 View (424) 226-3428
Photo of Marise Ermelinda d'abreu, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDE
Marise Ermelinda d'abreu
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDE
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
For the past 30 years, I have helped thousands of clients with their diet-related challenges in this country and abroad. Working in hospitals and my own private practice, I use evidence-based practices in Diabetes Care, Gestational Diabetes, Post Acute Rehab, Skilled Nursing and Renal Care. My years of relevant experience allows me to create a custom nutrition program for your unique health goals. In addition to the science of nutrition, I am an expert on foods of different palates and ethnicities. I am a specialist in vegan, vegetarian and diets related to food intolerances.
For the past 30 years, I have helped thousands of clients with their diet-related challenges in this country and abroad. Working in hospitals and my own private practice, I use evidence-based practices in Diabetes Care, Gestational Diabetes, Post Acute Rehab, Skilled Nursing and Renal Care. My years of relevant experience allows me to create a custom nutrition program for your unique health goals. In addition to the science of nutrition, I am an expert on foods of different palates and ethnicities. I am a specialist in vegan, vegetarian and diets related to food intolerances.
(844) 594-0604 View (844) 594-0604
Photo of Emerald Santacruz, Nutritionist/Dietitian, BCHN, NBC-HWC, AIPCC
Emerald Santacruz
Nutritionist/Dietitian, BCHN, NBC-HWC, AIPCC
Online Only
If you are having trouble adapting to life with an autoimmune condition, you are not alone. Many look for natural options to support autoimmune conditions but expert guidance for this is not readily available in the conventional medical system. Whether you were just diagnosed or have been struggling for years, you can benefit from the support of an autoimmune wellness expert. From autoimmune friendly recipes, supportive supplements and herbs, or guidance on underlying health imbalances, I strive to help you feel your best, and in control of your health, despite autoimmunity.
If you are having trouble adapting to life with an autoimmune condition, you are not alone. Many look for natural options to support autoimmune conditions but expert guidance for this is not readily available in the conventional medical system. Whether you were just diagnosed or have been struggling for years, you can benefit from the support of an autoimmune wellness expert. From autoimmune friendly recipes, supportive supplements and herbs, or guidance on underlying health imbalances, I strive to help you feel your best, and in control of your health, despite autoimmunity.
(916) 347-5421 View (916) 347-5421

Online Dietitians and Nutritionists

Photo of Melissa Goode, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN
Melissa Goode
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN
Sacramento, CA 95816
I offer both in-person and virtual one-on-one nutrition counseling services.
Are you exhausted from thinking about food and your body all of the time? Today’s world is filled with messages telling us to shrink our bodies, try the latest diet, and fit into an "ideal" weight category. If you're tired of keeping up with the latest food trends, Googling nutrition advice, and trying everything under the sun to achieve "perfect" health, you've come to the right place! Goode Nutrition is for fellow humans wanting to build a healthier relationship with food and their body, navigate chronic conditions by partnering with their body vs against it, and unlearn the ways diet culture has taken up precious brain space.
I offer both in-person and virtual one-on-one nutrition counseling services.
Are you exhausted from thinking about food and your body all of the time? Today’s world is filled with messages telling us to shrink our bodies, try the latest diet, and fit into an "ideal" weight category. If you're tired of keeping up with the latest food trends, Googling nutrition advice, and trying everything under the sun to achieve "perfect" health, you've come to the right place! Goode Nutrition is for fellow humans wanting to build a healthier relationship with food and their body, navigate chronic conditions by partnering with their body vs against it, and unlearn the ways diet culture has taken up precious brain space.
(916) 306-7979 View (916) 306-7979
Photo of Erika Lannaman, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Erika Lannaman
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
4 Endorsed
Modesto, CA 95355
Erika is a Registered Dietitian who helps clients build sustainable nutrition habits that support a life they feel good about. She takes a whole-body approach to understand each client’s health, lifestyle, and goals—considering food, sleep, stress, mindset, and daily routines. Erika believes meaningful change happens through collaboration, so she partners with clients to create realistic, empowering plans tailored to their preferences and needs, using a day-by-day approach for long-term success.
Erika is a Registered Dietitian who helps clients build sustainable nutrition habits that support a life they feel good about. She takes a whole-body approach to understand each client’s health, lifestyle, and goals—considering food, sleep, stress, mindset, and daily routines. Erika believes meaningful change happens through collaboration, so she partners with clients to create realistic, empowering plans tailored to their preferences and needs, using a day-by-day approach for long-term success.
(470) 397-5913 View (470) 397-5913
Photo of Corinne Dobbas, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Corinne Dobbas
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Greenbrae, CA 94904
Hi, I'm Corinne. I’m a registered dietitian, nutrition therapist, and certified intuitive eating counselor with over 15 years of experience. I support clients in healing from disordered eating, body image concerns, and eating disorders. I often support those with chronic eating disorders or those with a complex eating disorder history. Many of these individuals are also bravely healing from co-occurring mood disorders, trauma, or substance misuse. I work alongside clients to help them nurture compassion, joy, and a sense of agency as they heal their relationship to food, body, and self.
Hi, I'm Corinne. I’m a registered dietitian, nutrition therapist, and certified intuitive eating counselor with over 15 years of experience. I support clients in healing from disordered eating, body image concerns, and eating disorders. I often support those with chronic eating disorders or those with a complex eating disorder history. Many of these individuals are also bravely healing from co-occurring mood disorders, trauma, or substance misuse. I work alongside clients to help them nurture compassion, joy, and a sense of agency as they heal their relationship to food, body, and self.
(415) 798-9712 View (415) 798-9712
Photo of Rheanna Smith, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Rheanna Smith
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Sacramento, CA 95825
I believe in an integrative approach that combines non-diet, mindful nutrition counseling, and behavioral nutrition therapy.
You can heal your relationship with food, improve your body image, reach your fitness/performance goals, and develop healthy habits that enhance your well-being. From working as a clinical dietitian at various eating disorder recovery programs to teaching fitness classes I’ve spent several years helping people transform their health, break free from restriction, reconnect with their bodies, improve their fitness, and develop mindful eating habits rooted in self-compassion and personal choice. If you are struggling with your eating you are not alone, let me be your guide to renewing your nutrition today!
I believe in an integrative approach that combines non-diet, mindful nutrition counseling, and behavioral nutrition therapy.
You can heal your relationship with food, improve your body image, reach your fitness/performance goals, and develop healthy habits that enhance your well-being. From working as a clinical dietitian at various eating disorder recovery programs to teaching fitness classes I’ve spent several years helping people transform their health, break free from restriction, reconnect with their bodies, improve their fitness, and develop mindful eating habits rooted in self-compassion and personal choice. If you are struggling with your eating you are not alone, let me be your guide to renewing your nutrition today!
(916) 713-3098 View (916) 713-3098
Photo of Barbara Heerkens, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, LD
Barbara Heerkens
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, LD
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95833
Ideal clients are individuals who spend a significant amount of time worrying about their body, weight, and food choices, often feeling trapped in a cycle of restriction, guilt, and frustration. They may believe they'll never achieve their health goals. These clients are ready to explore the diet cycle, challenge misinformation, and develop mindfulness around their thoughts on food, weight, and health. This process helps quiet the constant “food noise” in their minds and fosters greater self-compassion, freedom, and peace with food.
Ideal clients are individuals who spend a significant amount of time worrying about their body, weight, and food choices, often feeling trapped in a cycle of restriction, guilt, and frustration. They may believe they'll never achieve their health goals. These clients are ready to explore the diet cycle, challenge misinformation, and develop mindfulness around their thoughts on food, weight, and health. This process helps quiet the constant “food noise” in their minds and fosters greater self-compassion, freedom, and peace with food.
(312) 374-5399 View (312) 374-5399
Photo of Christy Walowit, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES
Christy Walowit
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES
San Francisco, CA 94127
Learn to work WITH your body, not against it! Believe it or not, you and your body are on the same team. If you're experiencing health anxiety, navigating a challenging diagnosis, or just confused about what to eat, I'm glad you're here! As your Registered Dietitian and Diabetes Specialist, I like to imagine myself as your guide to filter through all the "diet noise," medical jargon, and confusing food narratives so you can feel grounded and clear about what your body needs.
Learn to work WITH your body, not against it! Believe it or not, you and your body are on the same team. If you're experiencing health anxiety, navigating a challenging diagnosis, or just confused about what to eat, I'm glad you're here! As your Registered Dietitian and Diabetes Specialist, I like to imagine myself as your guide to filter through all the "diet noise," medical jargon, and confusing food narratives so you can feel grounded and clear about what your body needs.
(916) 775-8179 View (916) 775-8179
Photo of Stephanie Brooks - Bay Area Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Bay Area Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Campbell, CA 95008
If you or a family member is struggling with food/nutrition, frustrated with random nutrition information out there or has a nutrition related problem or diagnosis, the RDs and Nutrition Support Mentors at Bay Area Nutrition are available to help. We are dedicated to treating you, the whole person, via education, support, and devising a plan with you and for you. Our team will collaborate with other care providers on your team as needed so you can optimize your health and well-being.
If you or a family member is struggling with food/nutrition, frustrated with random nutrition information out there or has a nutrition related problem or diagnosis, the RDs and Nutrition Support Mentors at Bay Area Nutrition are available to help. We are dedicated to treating you, the whole person, via education, support, and devising a plan with you and for you. Our team will collaborate with other care providers on your team as needed so you can optimize your health and well-being.
(408) 956-6783 View (408) 956-6783
Photo of Amanda Wikan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Amanda Wikan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
Petaluma, CA 94954
I specialize in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and complex gut issues that haven't responded to standard approaches. I work with people who are still struggling after trying low-FODMAP or elimination diets and who want to understand why their body isn't responding to move beyond restrictive diets and feel better. As a Registered Dietitian with a Master's in Nutrition & Functional Medicine, I look beyond food choices to assess digestion, nutrient status, and the microbiome. This is how we find the root cause and build a plan for healing.
I specialize in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and complex gut issues that haven't responded to standard approaches. I work with people who are still struggling after trying low-FODMAP or elimination diets and who want to understand why their body isn't responding to move beyond restrictive diets and feel better. As a Registered Dietitian with a Master's in Nutrition & Functional Medicine, I look beyond food choices to assess digestion, nutrient status, and the microbiome. This is how we find the root cause and build a plan for healing.
(707) 868-5718 View (707) 868-5718
Photo of Angela Stanford, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, MBA, NBC-HWC
Angela Stanford
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, MBA, NBC-HWC
Danville, CA 94506
My clients tell me that I am the 'how to" voice of experience they have been looking for to encourage, support and hold them accountable as they make lifestyle changes reconnecting with their food and themselves. They call me their "personal food coach in my pocket, right there when I need her." Clients report benefits of reduced inflammation, better sleep, skin rashes disappearing, better mood, discontinued use of medication , fat loss while holding onto muscle, and confidence to chose foods that nourish their bodies and help them feel great!
My clients tell me that I am the 'how to" voice of experience they have been looking for to encourage, support and hold them accountable as they make lifestyle changes reconnecting with their food and themselves. They call me their "personal food coach in my pocket, right there when I need her." Clients report benefits of reduced inflammation, better sleep, skin rashes disappearing, better mood, discontinued use of medication , fat loss while holding onto muscle, and confidence to chose foods that nourish their bodies and help them feel great!
(925) 265-8086 View (925) 265-8086
Photo of Haley Mannix, Nutritionist/Dietitian, CNC
Haley Mannix
Nutritionist/Dietitian, CNC
San Francisco, CA 94115
My practice works with motivated and curious individuals looking for integrative and functional nutrition to investigate the root drivers of digestive issues, microbiome imbalances, acne, and hormone, metabolic and immune imbalances. Nuanced, sustainable, and evidence-based recommendations are prioritized over quick-fixes and trends.
My practice works with motivated and curious individuals looking for integrative and functional nutrition to investigate the root drivers of digestive issues, microbiome imbalances, acne, and hormone, metabolic and immune imbalances. Nuanced, sustainable, and evidence-based recommendations are prioritized over quick-fixes and trends.
(415) 594-5248 View (415) 594-5248
Photo of Kelly Powers, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD
Kelly Powers
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD
San Francisco, CA 94122
I offer individual nutrition counseling sessions for those looking to change their relationship with food.
Hi, I'm Kelly. I specialize in the Mediterranean diet, recipe and meal plan development, intuitive eating, and sustainable behavior change. I practice a holistic approach to nutrition and health, helping my clients implement sustainable behavior change to improve their lives and relationship with food. Whether you want to build better eating patterns and habits, optimize nutrition and health, eat more intuitively, or stop dieting for good – I can help. I work with adults to create practical and enjoyable lifelong nutrition and wellness plans. I also provide personalized meal plans and kitchen management services to families.
I offer individual nutrition counseling sessions for those looking to change their relationship with food.
Hi, I'm Kelly. I specialize in the Mediterranean diet, recipe and meal plan development, intuitive eating, and sustainable behavior change. I practice a holistic approach to nutrition and health, helping my clients implement sustainable behavior change to improve their lives and relationship with food. Whether you want to build better eating patterns and habits, optimize nutrition and health, eat more intuitively, or stop dieting for good – I can help. I work with adults to create practical and enjoyable lifelong nutrition and wellness plans. I also provide personalized meal plans and kitchen management services to families.
(628) 266-4339 View (628) 266-4339
Photo of Angella Kriens, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDRD
Angella Kriens
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDRD
Sausalito, CA 94965
I am a registered dietitian (RD) in Marin County, California. I have experience and training in nutrition therapy for eating disorders at various levels of care including inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient. I specialize in a non-diet approach to eating and focus on a compassionate approach to recovery. With me, you can expect to find a safe, judgment-free space to explore your relationship with food and your body. Together we will help you form a healthy relationship with food that is both life changing and life enduring. A full, complete recovery from an eating disorder/disordered eating is possible.
I am a registered dietitian (RD) in Marin County, California. I have experience and training in nutrition therapy for eating disorders at various levels of care including inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient. I specialize in a non-diet approach to eating and focus on a compassionate approach to recovery. With me, you can expect to find a safe, judgment-free space to explore your relationship with food and your body. Together we will help you form a healthy relationship with food that is both life changing and life enduring. A full, complete recovery from an eating disorder/disordered eating is possible.
(415) 940-7558 View (415) 940-7558
Photo of Katherine Dittmann, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, MS, RD
Katherine Dittmann
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, MS, RD
San Francisco, CA 94109
You may feel stuck in cycles of dieting, food rules, or disordered eating that leave you anxious, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your body. You’re tired of obsessing about what, when, or how much to eat, yet still feel bad no matter what you choose. Perhaps body image concerns, shame, or self-criticism make it hard to enjoy eating or to care for yourself. You want relief from confusion and stress around food and a way to nourish yourself without guilt. My clients are often searching for more freedom, ease, and trust with food—and a kinder, more sustainable relationship with themselves.
You may feel stuck in cycles of dieting, food rules, or disordered eating that leave you anxious, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your body. You’re tired of obsessing about what, when, or how much to eat, yet still feel bad no matter what you choose. Perhaps body image concerns, shame, or self-criticism make it hard to enjoy eating or to care for yourself. You want relief from confusion and stress around food and a way to nourish yourself without guilt. My clients are often searching for more freedom, ease, and trust with food—and a kinder, more sustainable relationship with themselves.
(415) 965-2840 View (415) 965-2840
Photo of Terri Oberto, Nutritionist/Dietitian, CNC, CPT, PHT, BS
Terri Oberto
Nutritionist/Dietitian, CNC, CPT, PHT, BS
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Our office provides extensive evaluation of questionnaires, diet analysis, urine and blood analysis from state of the art labs, in-office and home testing, Kinesiology and Sclerology. This evaluation generates a detailed protocol which is discussed in a lengthy consultation with you. We also offer several modalities which may help with issues you would like to address. These include Biofeedback, Rife, Galvanic Spa and infra red laser technologies, as well as aromatherapy, infra red sauna, cellular detox foot bath, and alkalizing therapies.
Our office provides extensive evaluation of questionnaires, diet analysis, urine and blood analysis from state of the art labs, in-office and home testing, Kinesiology and Sclerology. This evaluation generates a detailed protocol which is discussed in a lengthy consultation with you. We also offer several modalities which may help with issues you would like to address. These include Biofeedback, Rife, Galvanic Spa and infra red laser technologies, as well as aromatherapy, infra red sauna, cellular detox foot bath, and alkalizing therapies.
(831) 400-3405 View (831) 400-3405
Photo of Dr. Patrick Traynor, Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, MPH, RD, CPT
Dr. Patrick Traynor
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, MPH, RD, CPT
South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150
The affordable care act determined nutrition counseling as preventative treatment, with no copay and no charge to the deductible.
Has losing that next five or ten pounds, and keeping it off become insurmountable? Or, has your weight gotten away from you? Do you want to manage, reverse, or prevent chronic illnesses and/or improve blood lab values and other indicators? Would you like a free nutritional body sculpting coach to prepare you for that next event? Do you want to do some or all of this while eating delicious, guilt free, food without abandon?
The affordable care act determined nutrition counseling as preventative treatment, with no copay and no charge to the deductible.
Has losing that next five or ten pounds, and keeping it off become insurmountable? Or, has your weight gotten away from you? Do you want to manage, reverse, or prevent chronic illnesses and/or improve blood lab values and other indicators? Would you like a free nutritional body sculpting coach to prepare you for that next event? Do you want to do some or all of this while eating delicious, guilt free, food without abandon?
(530) 429-7363 View (530) 429-7363
Nutrition Counseling Nutritionists and Dietitians
What is nutrition counseling?
Nutrition counseling refers to the services provided by a Registered Dietitian (RD) that focus on diet and nutrition. Individuals often seek nutrition counseling to make diet-related lifestyle changes, especially after being diagnosed with chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. However, nutrition counseling is not limited to these cases, and it can often benefit anyone looking to improve their overall health. Nutrition counselors also often address other aspects of a healthy lifestyle within sessions, such as advising on physical activity, chronic disease management, and mental health. They provide guidance and motivation, often adopting a holistic approach to support clients in achieving their health and wellbeing goals.

Who should see a nutrition counselor?
Many people can benefit from seeing a nutrition counselor; however, individuals with (or at risk of developing) chronic medical conditions or who have specific dietary challenges (for example, IBS, Crohn's disease, etc.) may find a nutrition counselor particularly helpful. Nutrition counselors are specifically trained to use diet modifications to manage health, so consulting a dietitian if you have a chronic condition can be greatly beneficial. Nutrition professionals can help clients understand how their diet impacts their symptoms and suggest strategies to improve overall health. Additionally, dietitians can coordinate with other medical professionals, such as primary care physicians or specialty physicians, to help support the client's overall health.

What happens during a nutrition counseling session?
Nutrition counseling is fundamentally focused on a client's individual health goals. The initial session with a nutrition professional typically involves an evaluation, during which the dietitian seeks to understand the client's reasons for seeking nutrition counseling. This session typically includes discussing the client's health history, current eating habits, lifestyle, and specific nutrition counseling goals. In follow-up sessions, the client and dietitian will typically review progress toward these goals, and the dietitian may examine the client's food intake and suggest areas for improvement. They may also educate the client on diet-related topics, such as ensuring adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables or reducing sodium intake. Additionally, nutrition counselors can help clients stay accountable for other lifestyle changes that support overall health, such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, or moderating alcohol consumption.

What should I look for in a nutrition counselor?
Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from managing medical conditions to addressing lifestyle concerns like weight loss or specific dietary requirements. When looking for a nutrition counselor, it is essential to find someone with expertise in the area of nutrition relevant to your needs. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals in your area to determine the best fit. Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, making it important to look for a professional with RD credentials. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you may be interested in seeking out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR), as these credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area.