Acupuncturists in Middletown, NJ

Photo of Liping Wang - Holmdel Acupuncture & Herbal Medicine Center, Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, CH, OMD
Holmdel Acupuncture & Herbal Medicine Center
Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, CH, OMD
Serves Area
Holmdel Acupuncture & Herbal Medicine Center has served thousands of patients since its inception in December 2001 and delivers over 5,000 high quality acupuncture treatments each year. The mission of our center is to improve people's lives through education and non-invasive modalities of Chinese medicine, including acupuncture, Chinese herbs, therapeutic massage, Tai Chi, and Qi Gong. As a two time recipient of "Best Doc" award, we are proud to be referred the best acupuncture center in Central and South Jersey. The fact that more than 80% of our patients come from word of mouth speaks our quality service on its own.
Holmdel Acupuncture & Herbal Medicine Center has served thousands of patients since its inception in December 2001 and delivers over 5,000 high quality acupuncture treatments each year. The mission of our center is to improve people's lives through education and non-invasive modalities of Chinese medicine, including acupuncture, Chinese herbs, therapeutic massage, Tai Chi, and Qi Gong. As a two time recipient of "Best Doc" award, we are proud to be referred the best acupuncture center in Central and South Jersey. The fact that more than 80% of our patients come from word of mouth speaks our quality service on its own.
(732) 982-4317 View (732) 982-4317
Photo of Thomas Mazorlig, Acupuncturist, DAc, LAc
Thomas Mazorlig
Acupuncturist, DAc, LAc
Serves Area
My goal is to use Eastern Medicine to help my patients achieve their optimal physical and mental health. I am eager to help patients with a wide range of health issues, and I'm particularly interested in treating individuals who struggle with anxiety, insomnia, and autoimmune conditions.
My goal is to use Eastern Medicine to help my patients achieve their optimal physical and mental health. I am eager to help patients with a wide range of health issues, and I'm particularly interested in treating individuals who struggle with anxiety, insomnia, and autoimmune conditions.
(732) 733-6770 View (732) 733-6770

More Acupuncturists Nearby

Photo of Ke Jin, Acupuncturist, LAc
Ke Jin
Acupuncturist, LAc
Livingston, NJ 07039
Acupuncture is not just inserting fine needles. It is an art of knowledge and technique. Make sure that you are in a good hand! I am strictly trained in China. This is my 22nd years of practice. Please take chance of the free consultation. Let me hear your problem. I will let your know if acupuncture can help you. If I decide to take you as my patient, the result and improvement is guaranteed. We provide traditional Chinese acupuncture, Cupping Therapy, Reflexology, Shiatsu, Tui Na (Oriental manipulation & Deep tissue massage), Dry needling, traditional Chinese exercise, traditional herb treatment and much more!
Acupuncture is not just inserting fine needles. It is an art of knowledge and technique. Make sure that you are in a good hand! I am strictly trained in China. This is my 22nd years of practice. Please take chance of the free consultation. Let me hear your problem. I will let your know if acupuncture can help you. If I decide to take you as my patient, the result and improvement is guaranteed. We provide traditional Chinese acupuncture, Cupping Therapy, Reflexology, Shiatsu, Tui Na (Oriental manipulation & Deep tissue massage), Dry needling, traditional Chinese exercise, traditional herb treatment and much more!
(973) 200-6191 View (973) 200-6191
Photo of Tetyana Vasylenko, Acupuncturist, LAc
Tetyana Vasylenko
Acupuncturist, LAc
Serves Area
In my practice I combine both East and West with my Western-medical background; I use needles, cupping, guasha, pulsed electromagnetic frequency machine, and nutrition to reach balance within body. My professional interest is the painful conditions, digestive issues, PMS, migraines, emotional issues, injuries, and more. I began my healing career with interest in pediatrics; In pursuit of that interest I obtained a Medical Degree.I believe that mind is an incredibly powerful tool and ultimately most diseases stem from an emotional root. I realized that conventional medicine is not sufficient enough in healing such diseases.
In my practice I combine both East and West with my Western-medical background; I use needles, cupping, guasha, pulsed electromagnetic frequency machine, and nutrition to reach balance within body. My professional interest is the painful conditions, digestive issues, PMS, migraines, emotional issues, injuries, and more. I began my healing career with interest in pediatrics; In pursuit of that interest I obtained a Medical Degree.I believe that mind is an incredibly powerful tool and ultimately most diseases stem from an emotional root. I realized that conventional medicine is not sufficient enough in healing such diseases.
(609) 689-8167 View (609) 689-8167
Photo of Joanna Jodar - Integral Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, LAc, MTOM
Integral Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, LAc, MTOM
Little Silver, NJ 07739
Joanna Jodar is a board certified Acupuncturist and Herbalist. She is accredited by the National Certification Commission of Oriental Medicine. In addition, she is also an Acupuncture Detoxification Specialist and certified in Facial Rejuvenation. Her clinical experience includes working at various hospitals in New York such as St. Vincent's Hospital, Hospital for Joint Diseases and Lincoln Hospital. She has also completed clinical rotations in numerous hospitals in Beijing, China.
Joanna Jodar is a board certified Acupuncturist and Herbalist. She is accredited by the National Certification Commission of Oriental Medicine. In addition, she is also an Acupuncture Detoxification Specialist and certified in Facial Rejuvenation. Her clinical experience includes working at various hospitals in New York such as St. Vincent's Hospital, Hospital for Joint Diseases and Lincoln Hospital. She has also completed clinical rotations in numerous hospitals in Beijing, China.
(732) 860-8982 View (732) 860-8982
Photo of Ani Petrosyan-Baran, Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, of, Acu
Ani Petrosyan-Baran
Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, of, Acu
Jersey City, NJ 07306
NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER OPENED ITS DOORS IN JERSEY CITY & BAYONNE IN JUNE OF 2016 AND THE RESPONSE HAS BEEN OVERWHELMING. THE INTEREST TO ACUPUNCTURE AND WELLNESS FROM THE COMMUNITIES HAS BEEN INSPIRING AND HUMBLING. AT NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER WE OFFER TREATMENTS THAT ARE CUSTOMIZED TO THE NEEDS OF EACH PATIENT. WE UNDERSTAND THAT NO TWO INDIVIDUALS ARE ALIKE AND EMPHASIZE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF A WELL BALANCED BODY & MIND. FROM PAIN MANAGEMENT TO INFERTILITY, STRESS RELIEF, ANXIETY, WEIGHT LOSS, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TREATMENTS- NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER STRIVES FOR EXCEPTIONAL RESULTS USING ANCIENT THEORIES WITH MODERN ADVANCES IN EASTERN MEDICINE.
NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER OPENED ITS DOORS IN JERSEY CITY & BAYONNE IN JUNE OF 2016 AND THE RESPONSE HAS BEEN OVERWHELMING. THE INTEREST TO ACUPUNCTURE AND WELLNESS FROM THE COMMUNITIES HAS BEEN INSPIRING AND HUMBLING. AT NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER WE OFFER TREATMENTS THAT ARE CUSTOMIZED TO THE NEEDS OF EACH PATIENT. WE UNDERSTAND THAT NO TWO INDIVIDUALS ARE ALIKE AND EMPHASIZE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF A WELL BALANCED BODY & MIND. FROM PAIN MANAGEMENT TO INFERTILITY, STRESS RELIEF, ANXIETY, WEIGHT LOSS, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TREATMENTS- NJ ACUPUNCTURE CENTER STRIVES FOR EXCEPTIONAL RESULTS USING ANCIENT THEORIES WITH MODERN ADVANCES IN EASTERN MEDICINE.
(201) 668-0343 View (201) 668-0343
Photo of Kristin Grey Apple, Acupuncturist, LAc
Kristin Grey Apple
Acupuncturist, LAc
Serves Area
Applepuncture's mission is to empower individuals and families in the integration of physical, emotional, and spiritual life​ in order to promote greater life mobility and the realization of love.
Applepuncture's mission is to empower individuals and families in the integration of physical, emotional, and spiritual life​ in order to promote greater life mobility and the realization of love.
(908) 543-7682 View (908) 543-7682
Photo of Herng Wu - Destination Wellness, Acupuncturist, PhD, Lic, Ac, DiplOM
Destination Wellness
Acupuncturist, PhD, Lic, Ac, DiplOM
Manalapan, NJ 07726
Destination Wellness is a multidisciplinary office that provides acupuncture in addition to chiropractic services and nutrition counseling.
Destination Wellness is a multidisciplinary office that provides acupuncture in addition to chiropractic services and nutrition counseling.
(732) 823-4109 View (732) 823-4109
Photo of Jennifer Luan, Acupuncturist, MD, DABMA
Jennifer Luan
Acupuncturist, MD, DABMA
Princeton, NJ 08540
Jennifer Luan, MD seeks to balance the body and mind through gentle activation of the energy channels in the body with acupuncture treatment. By stimulating the body with needles, the patient's own healing mechanisms are activated, which leads to relief of pain, improved mood and better immunity. Aseptic techniques and surgical gloves are always employed.
Jennifer Luan, MD seeks to balance the body and mind through gentle activation of the energy channels in the body with acupuncture treatment. By stimulating the body with needles, the patient's own healing mechanisms are activated, which leads to relief of pain, improved mood and better immunity. Aseptic techniques and surgical gloves are always employed.
(732) 466-7469 View (732) 466-7469
Photo of Cindy Wang - HK Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, LAc, CMD
HK Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, LAc, CMD
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
Cindy Wang Lac, MD (China): Received her medical training in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine and has over 25 years of clinical practice experience. Cindy has created a unique approach to go right to the core of the problems and correct the imbalances that can cause many issues. She focuses on the deep healing of the body to achieve the best healing results.
Cindy Wang Lac, MD (China): Received her medical training in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine and has over 25 years of clinical practice experience. Cindy has created a unique approach to go right to the core of the problems and correct the imbalances that can cause many issues. She focuses on the deep healing of the body to achieve the best healing results.
(848) 242-8434 View (848) 242-8434
Photo of Xiuxia Yang, Acupuncturist
Xiuxia Yang
Acupuncturist
West Orange, NJ 07052
If you are over whelmed by stress and pain, it is the time to consider acupuncture. Dr. Xiuxia Susan Yang has been practicing Chinese Medicine for more than 33 years. She has been helping current community since 2000, in that time she has helped thousands of patients recover from a variety of ailments and illnesses. Her professional mission and life’s passion are one in the same: to provide high quality, affordable health care to her patients. Dr. Yang effectively integrates Acupuncture, Acupressure, Chinese Herbs, and Eastern Nutrition to help her patients restore a balanced energy flow and ensure natural healing.
If you are over whelmed by stress and pain, it is the time to consider acupuncture. Dr. Xiuxia Susan Yang has been practicing Chinese Medicine for more than 33 years. She has been helping current community since 2000, in that time she has helped thousands of patients recover from a variety of ailments and illnesses. Her professional mission and life’s passion are one in the same: to provide high quality, affordable health care to her patients. Dr. Yang effectively integrates Acupuncture, Acupressure, Chinese Herbs, and Eastern Nutrition to help her patients restore a balanced energy flow and ensure natural healing.
(973) 736-9888 x973202 View (973) 736-9888 x973202
Photo of Victoria Segal, Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, OM
Victoria Segal
Acupuncturist, LAc, Dipl, OM
Serves Area
My goal is to help patients heal on all levels of being, restore themselves to physical and emotional health, regain vitality and spiritual well-being, and prevent further illness through acupuncture, Chinese herbal therapy, nutrition and lifestyle counselling. My treatment specialties encompass a diverse array of health concerns ranging from acute and chronic pain relief to women's health issues, infertility and pregnancy care, to mental health and overall wellness.
My goal is to help patients heal on all levels of being, restore themselves to physical and emotional health, regain vitality and spiritual well-being, and prevent further illness through acupuncture, Chinese herbal therapy, nutrition and lifestyle counselling. My treatment specialties encompass a diverse array of health concerns ranging from acute and chronic pain relief to women's health issues, infertility and pregnancy care, to mental health and overall wellness.
(973) 453-2522 View (973) 453-2522
Photo of Marina E. Doktorman, Acupuncturist, LAc
Marina E. Doktorman
Acupuncturist, LAc
Serves Area
Over 21 years of clinical experience providing various styles of acupuncture, including Esoteric acupuncture, Balance Method Acupuncture, German Auricular Acupuncture, AcuNova Acupuncture, Yamomoto Scalp Acupuncture and other styles as well as Chinese herbs, aromatherapy for acute and chronic conditions. During each acupuncture session, few drops of 100% pure grade essential oils are applied on acupuncture points depending on a condition. The unique efficacy of essential oils strengthens acupuncture treatment, providing total relaxation and rejuvenation felt immediately after the treatment.
Over 21 years of clinical experience providing various styles of acupuncture, including Esoteric acupuncture, Balance Method Acupuncture, German Auricular Acupuncture, AcuNova Acupuncture, Yamomoto Scalp Acupuncture and other styles as well as Chinese herbs, aromatherapy for acute and chronic conditions. During each acupuncture session, few drops of 100% pure grade essential oils are applied on acupuncture points depending on a condition. The unique efficacy of essential oils strengthens acupuncture treatment, providing total relaxation and rejuvenation felt immediately after the treatment.
(973) 826-2519 View (973) 826-2519
Photo of Joseph R Scapicio - Shore Acupuncture, LLC, Acupuncturist, LAc, DC
Shore Acupuncture, LLC
Acupuncturist, LAc, DC
Serves Area
Dr. Scapicio is an honors graduate of the Eastern School of Traditional Medicine and Acupuncture in Montclair, N.J. At the Eastern School, he was trained extensively in Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Japanese Acupuncture, and Five Element Acupuncture. He has performed clinical internships in Chinese and Japanese styles of acupuncture. Dr. Scapicio is also a board certified diplomate of acupuncture through the National Board Certification Committee of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and a licensed acupuncturist in the State of New Jersey. Prior to to his formal training as an acupuncturist, Dr. Scapicio practiced in the health care field for over 25 years.
Dr. Scapicio is an honors graduate of the Eastern School of Traditional Medicine and Acupuncture in Montclair, N.J. At the Eastern School, he was trained extensively in Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Japanese Acupuncture, and Five Element Acupuncture. He has performed clinical internships in Chinese and Japanese styles of acupuncture. Dr. Scapicio is also a board certified diplomate of acupuncture through the National Board Certification Committee of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and a licensed acupuncturist in the State of New Jersey. Prior to to his formal training as an acupuncturist, Dr. Scapicio practiced in the health care field for over 25 years.
(732) 853-1256 View (732) 853-1256
Photo of Yunshen Wang - Oriental Healthcare and Acupuncture , Acupuncturist, LAc
I would like people to know the wide scope of problems that Oriental medicine can treat. Many people know that it treats body pain. I can also treat general disorders such as infertility, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems, over weight, stroke and allergy, many more. This medicine can also have a profound effect on a patient's mental or emotional state. We treat the effects of stress, lower anxiety, calm the mind without dulling it, sharpen focus and decrease irritability. This is done by helping the body to work as it should, to put it back in balance.
I would like people to know the wide scope of problems that Oriental medicine can treat. Many people know that it treats body pain. I can also treat general disorders such as infertility, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems, over weight, stroke and allergy, many more. This medicine can also have a profound effect on a patient's mental or emotional state. We treat the effects of stress, lower anxiety, calm the mind without dulling it, sharpen focus and decrease irritability. This is done by helping the body to work as it should, to put it back in balance.
(732) 390-8866 View (732) 390-8866
Photo of David Acupark - Acupuncture Park, Acupuncturist, LAc, MS, DiplCH
Acupuncture Park
Acupuncturist, LAc, MS, DiplCH
Metuchen, NJ 08840
Opening at Metuchen and Freehold in NJ. David Park, MS, L.Ac is NY, NJ, PA and CA Board Certified and Nationally certified (NCCAOM) Acupuncturist and Asian Medical Herbalist. He holds two master degrees of Graduate school of Korea University and South Baylor University. His majors are Food Chemistry, Microbiology and Enzyme, also Acupuncture and Herbalogy. Since 1975 David (Insung) has been experienced in the field of health & food including Acupuncture practice since 2000 including Herbal Medication, Auriculotherapy, and Nutritional counseling.
Opening at Metuchen and Freehold in NJ. David Park, MS, L.Ac is NY, NJ, PA and CA Board Certified and Nationally certified (NCCAOM) Acupuncturist and Asian Medical Herbalist. He holds two master degrees of Graduate school of Korea University and South Baylor University. His majors are Food Chemistry, Microbiology and Enzyme, also Acupuncture and Herbalogy. Since 1975 David (Insung) has been experienced in the field of health & food including Acupuncture practice since 2000 including Herbal Medication, Auriculotherapy, and Nutritional counseling.
(732) 800-2540 View (732) 800-2540
Photo of Irina Kozina, Acupuncturist, MS, LAc
Irina Kozina
Acupuncturist, MS, LAc
Middlesex, NJ 08846
Acupuncture was helping humanity for 3000 years. It is safe, natural and effective. It has no side effects. It is a great preventative modality specifically tailored to keep your health at its best.
Acupuncture was helping humanity for 3000 years. It is safe, natural and effective. It has no side effects. It is a great preventative modality specifically tailored to keep your health at its best.
(917) 746-6018 View (917) 746-6018
Photo of Dana M Holmes - North Jersey Community Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, LAc, MAc
North Jersey Community Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, LAc, MAc
Serves Area
NJCA is a community acupuncture clinic. "Community" means that everyone is treated in one big, comfy room. It also means that our fee structure is much lower than average. At NJCA, our sliding scale is between $30- $65, every time. Clients keep their clothing on and relax in reclining chairs while acupuncture treatment gently encourages their nervous system to relax, promoting healing through out the body. Acupuncture is a form of healing that can help you in body, mind and spirit.
NJCA is a community acupuncture clinic. "Community" means that everyone is treated in one big, comfy room. It also means that our fee structure is much lower than average. At NJCA, our sliding scale is between $30- $65, every time. Clients keep their clothing on and relax in reclining chairs while acupuncture treatment gently encourages their nervous system to relax, promoting healing through out the body. Acupuncture is a form of healing that can help you in body, mind and spirit.
(973) 292-6522 x973292 View (973) 292-6522 x973292
Photo of James Chang - Traditional Chinese Acupuncture and Herb Clinic, Acupuncturist, CA, LAc
James H. Chang LAc, CA graduate at New York college of Traditional Chinese Medicine with master degree of Acupuncture and herb medicine. He also attend seminar for treatment of stroke, Dr.Huo's Parkinson's scalp acupuncture. He has training in Lincoln Hospital for smoking and drug addiction. He also attend seminar and hospital visit to China for Hepatitis B treatment by chinese herb. His family has practice herb clinic in Taiwan for long time. Chinese herb has long history to treat epidemic, chronic fatigue, hypertension due to kidney weakness, men's impotence and women's menopause.
James H. Chang LAc, CA graduate at New York college of Traditional Chinese Medicine with master degree of Acupuncture and herb medicine. He also attend seminar for treatment of stroke, Dr.Huo's Parkinson's scalp acupuncture. He has training in Lincoln Hospital for smoking and drug addiction. He also attend seminar and hospital visit to China for Hepatitis B treatment by chinese herb. His family has practice herb clinic in Taiwan for long time. Chinese herb has long history to treat epidemic, chronic fatigue, hypertension due to kidney weakness, men's impotence and women's menopause.
(732) 410-4239 View (732) 410-4239
Paula V Redhead
Acupuncturist, DAOM, LAc, Herbali, NCCAOM
Colts Neck, NJ 07722
At Acutech Acupunture, a holistic health center, we believe that everyone has the right to thrive with a happy healthy quality of life. Our mission is to enable patients to stay well with the help of acupuncture. Since most of our patients are taking western medications, we have a pharmacist on staff as well as a nutritionist to assist our patients. Our senior acupuncturist Paula is one of only a few in the State to have advanced credentialed training in acupuncture at the doctoral level.
At Acutech Acupunture, a holistic health center, we believe that everyone has the right to thrive with a happy healthy quality of life. Our mission is to enable patients to stay well with the help of acupuncture. Since most of our patients are taking western medications, we have a pharmacist on staff as well as a nutritionist to assist our patients. Our senior acupuncturist Paula is one of only a few in the State to have advanced credentialed training in acupuncture at the doctoral level.
(732) 213-5222 View (732) 213-5222
FAQs - About Acupuncture

How can I find an acupuncturist in Middletown?

To find an acupuncturist near you, enter your city, town, suburb, ZIP code, or the provider's name into the search bar at the top of the page. You can then filter results by provider specialty, treatment technique or style, and even gender to find an acupuncturist who best matches your needs.

When viewing an acupuncturist’s profile, take note of key details such as session costs, their area of specialty, treatment techniques, and location to determine if they’re a good fit. If a provider seems promising, you can reach out via email or phone using the contact information on their profile. During the conversation, assess your comfort level and their expertise in addressing your specific concerns. It’s also a good opportunity to ask about their overall approach to care and confirm any relevant acupuncture credentials they hold.

What can acupuncture help with?

Acupuncture is most commonly used to treat chronic pain, including pain caused by physical injuries, arthritis, or migraines. It may also help with autoimmune conditions, nausea, digestive issues, and behavioral health concerns such as anxiety, depression, or insomnia. Rooted in ancient Chinese tradition, acupuncture is based on the belief that illness results from an imbalance in the body’s energy, or “Qi.” Practitioners aim to restore the balance and flow of Qi by stimulating specific acupuncture points throughout the body, which is thought to alleviate pain and other symptoms associated with these conditions.

Acupuncture is typically used alongside medical treatment rather than as a replacement. It is important to note that acupuncture practitioners are not trained to diagnose or medically manage conditions, so it should not substitute regular care from a licensed medical provider.

Is a licensed acupuncturist a doctor?

No, acupuncturists are not medical doctors. To practice acupuncture, there is typically less training needed than that required for medical doctors. Acupuncture practitioners typically need to complete a master’s-level training program and meet a minimum requirement for clinical exposure before obtaining a license. However, licensing requirements vary by state. While most states have established minimum standards, some, such as Alabama, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, do not offer licensure for acupuncturists. In these states, there are no formal education or training requirements to practice acupuncture. The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) oversees acupuncture training and certification. This organization administers the national certification exam, which is required in many states to obtain a state-issued acupuncture license.

How many acupuncture sessions are generally needed?

Acupuncture is typically a time-limited treatment lasting 3 to 6 weeks, with sessions occurring 1 to 2 times per week. However, the duration and frequency of treatment may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and the nature of the condition or injury being treated. Acupuncturists should regularly assess their clients' progress, monitoring changes in symptoms and adjusting the treatment plan as necessary. After completing the initial course of treatment, some practitioners may recommend periodic "tune-up" sessions to help maintain symptom relief and longer-term well-being.

How much does it cost to see an acupuncturist?

The cost of acupuncture sessions typically ranges from $75 to $150 per session, depending on factors such as location, the provider’s experience, and the type of service offered. Some insurance plans may cover a portion of these costs, so it’s worth checking your specific coverage details. Additionally, some acupuncturists offer session packages or discounts for clients who commit to multiple sessions upfront, providing a more cost-effective option for those seeking ongoing treatment.

Is acupuncture covered by insurance?

Insurance coverage for acupuncture varies depending on the client’s insurance provider and specific plan. In many cases, insurance will cover a limited number of acupuncture sessions if the client has a referral from a medical doctor. The growing focus on non-opioid treatments for chronic pain has increased interest in acupuncture and led to improved insurance coverage in some plans. However, coverage often comes with conditions, such as copayments, limits on the number of sessions, or restrictions on the types of conditions eligible for treatment. For example, Medicare Part B generally covers acupuncture only for chronic low back pain. Clients should review their insurance policy to understand the extent and specifics of their plan's coverage of acupuncture treatments.