Nutritionists and Dietitians in 98106

Photo of Virginia May Everett, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Virginia May Everett
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Serves Area
I help those who are looking for support for disordered eating or an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, ARFID, or OSFED. You may also feel stuck in cycles of restriction, binge eating, or distress around eating and body image. Others come to me after years of dieting without sustainable results, experiencing weight cycling, metabolic concerns, or frustration with approaches that feel rigid or unrealistic. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, and grounded in evidence-based nutrition care. I focus on sustainable health behaviors, metabolic function, and overall wellbeing.
I help those who are looking for support for disordered eating or an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, ARFID, or OSFED. You may also feel stuck in cycles of restriction, binge eating, or distress around eating and body image. Others come to me after years of dieting without sustainable results, experiencing weight cycling, metabolic concerns, or frustration with approaches that feel rigid or unrealistic. My approach is compassionate, non-judgmental, and grounded in evidence-based nutrition care. I focus on sustainable health behaviors, metabolic function, and overall wellbeing.
(253) 528-7193 View (253) 528-7193

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Karl Mincin, Nutritionist/Dietitian, BS, MS
Karl Mincin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, BS, MS
Serves Area
With 40 years clinical experience, the spectrum of my professional nutrition services range from basic nutrition counseling/education for those who simply want to improve their diet & lifestyle, on up to therapeutic nutritional support for specific health conditions - everything from indigestion to cancer (see list of specialties below). A functional medicine nutrition approach seeks to identify & resolve the root cause. Professional nutrition services determine your personal health profile. One size does not fit all. Anyone can sell you vitamins, few can tell you precisely which nutrients best meet your actual, individual need.
With 40 years clinical experience, the spectrum of my professional nutrition services range from basic nutrition counseling/education for those who simply want to improve their diet & lifestyle, on up to therapeutic nutritional support for specific health conditions - everything from indigestion to cancer (see list of specialties below). A functional medicine nutrition approach seeks to identify & resolve the root cause. Professional nutrition services determine your personal health profile. One size does not fit all. Anyone can sell you vitamins, few can tell you precisely which nutrients best meet your actual, individual need.
(360) 228-2882 View (360) 228-2882
Photo of Julia Hollenberg, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Julia Hollenberg
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Seattle, WA 98109
If you're feeling like you're losing a longstanding battle with your body, or perhaps your constant attempts to control food end up feeling like food is controlling you, you are not alone. You do not have to live a life that is limited by food rules, even if they're in the name of health. You do not have to live in constant worry about what others will think of your body. Learn to release ruminating on food & body and free up your precious mental & emotional capacity! And get support if you're on GLP-1 medication to avoid unintended consequences from malnutrition. Let food SUPPORT your innate goodness & beauty, not deplete you.
If you're feeling like you're losing a longstanding battle with your body, or perhaps your constant attempts to control food end up feeling like food is controlling you, you are not alone. You do not have to live a life that is limited by food rules, even if they're in the name of health. You do not have to live in constant worry about what others will think of your body. Learn to release ruminating on food & body and free up your precious mental & emotional capacity! And get support if you're on GLP-1 medication to avoid unintended consequences from malnutrition. Let food SUPPORT your innate goodness & beauty, not deplete you.
(206) 792-1073 View (206) 792-1073
Photo of Laura Foster - On Your Path Nutrition – Midlife Metabolic Health, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
On Your Path Nutrition – Midlife Metabolic Health
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you’re navigating rising cholesterol, prediabetes, insulin resistance, or other midlife metabolic changes, you don’t have to sort through conflicting advice alone. I specialize in helping adults improve lab values through evidence-based nutrition strategies tailored to how hormones and metabolism shift over time. Many of my clients are experiencing perimenopause, PCOS, or weight changes despite “doing everything right.”
If you’re navigating rising cholesterol, prediabetes, insulin resistance, or other midlife metabolic changes, you don’t have to sort through conflicting advice alone. I specialize in helping adults improve lab values through evidence-based nutrition strategies tailored to how hormones and metabolism shift over time. Many of my clients are experiencing perimenopause, PCOS, or weight changes despite “doing everything right.”
(360) 531-7347 View (360) 531-7347
Photo of Karen Petermeyer, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CD
Karen Petermeyer
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CD
Seattle, WA 98105
Feeling overwhelmed and out of control? Is food often a reward or a punishment? Do you find yourself feeling guilty around your food choices or how much you eat? Do you find yourself skipping meals or changing how you eat because you are with other people? Do you struggle with feeling comfortable in your body? Are you eating or exercising to change the way you look? Food is not made to be overwhelming, stressful, guilt-provoking.
Feeling overwhelmed and out of control? Is food often a reward or a punishment? Do you find yourself feeling guilty around your food choices or how much you eat? Do you find yourself skipping meals or changing how you eat because you are with other people? Do you struggle with feeling comfortable in your body? Are you eating or exercising to change the way you look? Food is not made to be overwhelming, stressful, guilt-provoking.
(503) 862-6188 View (503) 862-6188
Photo of Jamie Schwartz, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Jamie Schwartz
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Jamie is a Registered Dietitian with Health Loft who takes a compassionate approach to nutrition therapy by meeting people where they are in their personal journeys. She helps clients make incremental changes to restore a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. Jamie understands the harmful nature of diet culture and provides care that is affirming, sustainable, and tailored to each individual’s needs and goals. Her experience allows her to identify distorted beliefs and unhealthy eating patterns and offer thoughtful, evidence-based guidance.
Jamie is a Registered Dietitian with Health Loft who takes a compassionate approach to nutrition therapy by meeting people where they are in their personal journeys. She helps clients make incremental changes to restore a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. Jamie understands the harmful nature of diet culture and provides care that is affirming, sustainable, and tailored to each individual’s needs and goals. Her experience allows her to identify distorted beliefs and unhealthy eating patterns and offer thoughtful, evidence-based guidance.
(469) 960-5661 View (469) 960-5661
Photo of Laura Gajda, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CEDS-C
Laura Gajda
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CEDS-C
7 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115
Do you struggle with eating feeling overwhelming, stressful, or tangled up with your mental health? You might be navigating recovery from an eating disorder, chronic dieting, or cycles that just don't feel good anymore. Maybe food has become tied to anxiety or depression, or you're looking for nutrition support that actually feels sustainable. If you're ready to build a steadier, more trusting relationship with food that supports both your physical and emotional well-being, you're in the right place.
Do you struggle with eating feeling overwhelming, stressful, or tangled up with your mental health? You might be navigating recovery from an eating disorder, chronic dieting, or cycles that just don't feel good anymore. Maybe food has become tied to anxiety or depression, or you're looking for nutrition support that actually feels sustainable. If you're ready to build a steadier, more trusting relationship with food that supports both your physical and emotional well-being, you're in the right place.
(425) 563-7862 View (425) 563-7862
Photo of Olivia Lynch, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CEDS
Olivia Lynch
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CEDS
6 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115
Do you struggle with your relationship with food, your body, or both? Olivia works with adolescents, adults, and families — including those stepping down from higher levels of eating disorder care, managing chronic dieting, or looking for trauma-informed, weight-inclusive support that honors your goals, values, and lived experiences.
Do you struggle with your relationship with food, your body, or both? Olivia works with adolescents, adults, and families — including those stepping down from higher levels of eating disorder care, managing chronic dieting, or looking for trauma-informed, weight-inclusive support that honors your goals, values, and lived experiences.
(425) 645-5504 View (425) 645-5504
Photo of Julia Ambrozy, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LD
Julia Ambrozy
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LD
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98155
Julia’s ideal client is someone stuck in cycles of restriction, guilt, or frustration around food. She helps clients break free from rigid rules and all-or-nothing patterns through Intuitive Eating and sustainable behavior change. Her sessions are supportive, non-diet, and evidence-based, with a focus on consistency, self-trust, and personalized strategies. Julia creates real conversations that help clients build balance, confidence, and habits that fit their lives
Julia’s ideal client is someone stuck in cycles of restriction, guilt, or frustration around food. She helps clients break free from rigid rules and all-or-nothing patterns through Intuitive Eating and sustainable behavior change. Her sessions are supportive, non-diet, and evidence-based, with a focus on consistency, self-trust, and personalized strategies. Julia creates real conversations that help clients build balance, confidence, and habits that fit their lives
(312) 374-5399 View (312) 374-5399
Photo of Caitlin Sloane - Nutrition Studio, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD, CIEC
Nutrition Studio
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD, CIEC
Serves Area
Our specialties include disordered eating, intuitive eating, digestive health (IBD, SIBO, IBS), type 1 and type 2 diabetes, women's health, PCOS, autoimmune conditions, complex health issues, and more! We are a great fit if you want to focus on your nutrition concerns with dietitians who value quality of life and a healthy relationship to food and body, rather than calorie counting and weight loss, if you have a clear motivation for change, and are willing to be creative and open minded in your approach to managing your nutrition. We are compassionate and patient, and provide gentle and realistic guidance.
Our specialties include disordered eating, intuitive eating, digestive health (IBD, SIBO, IBS), type 1 and type 2 diabetes, women's health, PCOS, autoimmune conditions, complex health issues, and more! We are a great fit if you want to focus on your nutrition concerns with dietitians who value quality of life and a healthy relationship to food and body, rather than calorie counting and weight loss, if you have a clear motivation for change, and are willing to be creative and open minded in your approach to managing your nutrition. We are compassionate and patient, and provide gentle and realistic guidance.
(503) 213-4510 View (503) 213-4510
Photo of Robert Tena Bonilla, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Robert Tena Bonilla
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Seattle, WA 98102
I am offering in person and telehealth options. I work with individuals struggling with eating disorders from ages 17 and up that have motivation to change and are willing to provide open and honest communication about their needs. I am here to support you in your goals to the best of my ability.
I am offering in person and telehealth options. I work with individuals struggling with eating disorders from ages 17 and up that have motivation to change and are willing to provide open and honest communication about their needs. I am here to support you in your goals to the best of my ability.
(206) 339-8234 View (206) 339-8234
Photo of Megan Ellison - Sound Dietitians LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES, Owner
Sound Dietitians LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES, Owner
1 Endorsed
Lynnwood, WA 98046
Sound Dietitians brings the nutrition expertise of a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to you. We have RDNs in various locations around the Puget Sound region and can meet with individual clients for customized nutrition counseling. We partner with clinics and facilities to make Medical Nutrition Therapy accessible and convenient. We provide on-site presentations and nutrition counseling as part of business and government Wellness Programs.
Sound Dietitians brings the nutrition expertise of a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to you. We have RDNs in various locations around the Puget Sound region and can meet with individual clients for customized nutrition counseling. We partner with clinics and facilities to make Medical Nutrition Therapy accessible and convenient. We provide on-site presentations and nutrition counseling as part of business and government Wellness Programs.
(425) 332-7999 View (425) 332-7999
Photo of Danielle Miyazaki, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Danielle Miyazaki
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Issaquah, WA 98029
Danielle is a registered dietitian, or as she would call it a 'food and body image counselor.' Specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, disordered eating, gastrointestinal disorders, IBS, intuitive eating, and somatic nutrition. She works in collaboration with you to help bring awareness to your body's unique nutrition needs through Intuitive Eating, while learning to respect your body and inspire hope. She practices from a Health At Every Size approach, believing all body's deserve respectful care and to be treated with kindness. This work can be vulnerable and empathy is at the center of her work with clients.
Danielle is a registered dietitian, or as she would call it a 'food and body image counselor.' Specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, disordered eating, gastrointestinal disorders, IBS, intuitive eating, and somatic nutrition. She works in collaboration with you to help bring awareness to your body's unique nutrition needs through Intuitive Eating, while learning to respect your body and inspire hope. She practices from a Health At Every Size approach, believing all body's deserve respectful care and to be treated with kindness. This work can be vulnerable and empathy is at the center of her work with clients.
(425) 320-4994 View (425) 320-4994
Photo of Erin Cazel, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Erin Cazel
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CD
Edmonds, WA 98020
What I enjoy most about being a nutritionist is helping people reconnect with themselves—empowering them to feel whole and confident from the inside out. Many clients face challenges like high blood pressure, prediabetes, digestive discomfort, or sensory sensitivities. Others seek relief from anxiety or depression. I guide individuals and families to discover how food can be a tool for healing, fostering confidence and long-term well-being.
What I enjoy most about being a nutritionist is helping people reconnect with themselves—empowering them to feel whole and confident from the inside out. Many clients face challenges like high blood pressure, prediabetes, digestive discomfort, or sensory sensitivities. Others seek relief from anxiety or depression. I guide individuals and families to discover how food can be a tool for healing, fostering confidence and long-term well-being.
(425) 584-5823 View (425) 584-5823
Photo of Kelsey Johnson - Kelsey Johnson of Ash & Birch Counseling, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, LMHCA, RDN, CEDS, C-AAIS
Kelsey Johnson of Ash & Birch Counseling
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, LMHCA, RDN, CEDS, C-AAIS
1 Endorsed
Puyallup, WA 98372
Hi there! I'm Kelsey! I'm a non-diet Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, and Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. I've been honored to serve adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders in a variety of treatment settings. I am committed to helping individuals establish a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. In addition, I support others in managing chronic illnesses while maintaining a positive connection with food.
Hi there! I'm Kelsey! I'm a non-diet Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, and Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. I've been honored to serve adolescents and adults struggling with eating disorders in a variety of treatment settings. I am committed to helping individuals establish a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. In addition, I support others in managing chronic illnesses while maintaining a positive connection with food.
(253) 237-6152 View (253) 237-6152
Photo of Grace Hensold, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Grace Hensold
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
6 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115
Do you deal with a health condition that makes food feel confusing or stressful? Grace works with clients navigating cancer, diabetes, heart disease, GI issues, kidney disease, PCOS, menopause, and disordered eating. She's also a great fit for anyone who simply wants to feel more confident and energized around food, without the noise.
Do you deal with a health condition that makes food feel confusing or stressful? Grace works with clients navigating cancer, diabetes, heart disease, GI issues, kidney disease, PCOS, menopause, and disordered eating. She's also a great fit for anyone who simply wants to feel more confident and energized around food, without the noise.
(425) 966-2068 View (425) 966-2068
Photo of Lisa McGlothlin, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Lisa McGlothlin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Serves Area
If it feels like control over your life can be found in a food rule (or like you’re always out of control around food) you’re in the right place. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, disordered eating and general wellness, and I am passionate about ensuring every person has access to a realistic and sustainable version of health (with some humor and relatability sprinkled into sessions)
If it feels like control over your life can be found in a food rule (or like you’re always out of control around food) you’re in the right place. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, disordered eating and general wellness, and I am passionate about ensuring every person has access to a realistic and sustainable version of health (with some humor and relatability sprinkled into sessions)
(831) 322-0518 View (831) 322-0518
Photo of Tok-Hui Yeap - Kinder Nutrition LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CSP, LD
Kinder Nutrition LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CSP, LD
Serves Area
Hello and welcome to Kinder Nutrition. I'm Tok-Hui (pronounced: Took Who-ui), a mom, foodie, author, and pediatric nutrition specialist. I've been a registered dietitian for over 17 years and for the last 12 years have worked with children and families to improve their health with practical approach. I enjoy working with families to provide tools and resources for raising happy and mindful eaters.
Hello and welcome to Kinder Nutrition. I'm Tok-Hui (pronounced: Took Who-ui), a mom, foodie, author, and pediatric nutrition specialist. I've been a registered dietitian for over 17 years and for the last 12 years have worked with children and families to improve their health with practical approach. I enjoy working with families to provide tools and resources for raising happy and mindful eaters.
(541) 262-6249 View (541) 262-6249
Photo of Al McKee, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CD
Al McKee
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CD
Tacoma, WA 98409
I'm here, I'm queer, and I am so excited to support my clients on their journey towards radical body liberation from the overwhelming oppressions of current societal and cultural norms. I believe that we all have rebellion in our roots, and by harnessing that power we can challenge the thoughts and belief systems that no longer serve us and come back to our authentic selves.
I'm here, I'm queer, and I am so excited to support my clients on their journey towards radical body liberation from the overwhelming oppressions of current societal and cultural norms. I believe that we all have rebellion in our roots, and by harnessing that power we can challenge the thoughts and belief systems that no longer serve us and come back to our authentic selves.
(425) 230-5249 View (425) 230-5249
Photo of Sydney Carroll, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CD
Sydney Carroll
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CD
Seattle, WA 98103
It is my mission to support those that are ready to choose themselves and their healing. Your intentions and goals will guide us our way to your body liberation and healing. I trust your experience as the expert of your own body and will work by your side bringing my nutrition expertise to the table. My work is weight neutral, meaning that we will work towards your health and healing goals without centering or suggesting weight loss. I will also never suggest food restriction.
It is my mission to support those that are ready to choose themselves and their healing. Your intentions and goals will guide us our way to your body liberation and healing. I trust your experience as the expert of your own body and will work by your side bringing my nutrition expertise to the table. My work is weight neutral, meaning that we will work towards your health and healing goals without centering or suggesting weight loss. I will also never suggest food restriction.
(425) 321-3833 View (425) 321-3833
FAQs - About Nutritionists and Dietitians

How can I find a dietitian or nutritionist in 98106?

To find dietitians and nutritionists near you, input your city, town, suburb, zip code, or a provider's name in the search bar at the top of the page. From there, you can filter by specialty, treatment technique, and gender to find a dietitian or nutritionist who matches your needs.

When you visit a dietitian or nutritionist's profile, you can get a better idea if they're the right fit for you. Consider things like session cost, accepted insurance plans, and their location or telehealth options. If someone seems like a good match, you can email them or call the number on their profile. When speaking with a professional, pay attention to whether or not you feel comfortable in the conversation and how knowledgeable they are about your specific nutrition concerns. It may also be helpful to ask more about their general approach to nutrition and the training behind their credentials.

What is the difference between a dietitian and a nutritionist?

The terms dietitian and nutritionist are often used interchangeably. However, there are actually key credential differences between dietitians and nutritionists that are important to keep in mind when seeking a nutrition professional.

A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) has earned at least a graduate degree from an accredited program, completed a supervised practice program, passed the Commission on Dietetic Registration exam, and continues their education regularly. The RD and RDN credentials are regulated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the largest nutrition-related organization in the country. Only professionals who meet their standards can call themselves an RD or RDN and enjoy privileges like billing insurance. Additionally, RDs and RDNs can get board certifications in specialized areas such as gerontological nutrition (CSG), sports dietetics (CSSD), pediatric nutrition (CSP), renal nutrition (CSR), or oncology nutrition (CSO). They also need state licensure, which usually aligns with national requirements.

In contrast, the title "nutritionist" doesn't require any formal education or credentials; anyone can use the title of nutritionist, including those with very limited or no formal training in nutrition. Although there are certification programs that are marketed toward those interested in nutrition counseling, the rigor and academic requirements for such programs varies greatly. These important differences between dietitians and nutritionists are thus very important to consider when choosing the right nutrition professional for your needs. To be listed in the HealthProfs directory, Nutritionists must have a minimum of a Masters Degree in a relevant field.

When should I see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from medical conditions to lifestyle concerns like weight loss or dietary requirements; however, it's always important to find a professional who is a good fit for you. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, your specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals near you to determine whether a dietitian or nutritionist may be a better fit.

Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, especially for those with medical conditions. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you might want to seek out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR). These credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area. Additionally, consider the availability of professionals in your area and their openness to telehealth sessions. While the field of dietetics is growing, there may not always be a wide selection of professionals, especially in rural areas. In such cases, focusing on the experience and expertise of the nutrition professional can be more important than their specific credentials.

Do I need a referral to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

A referral is not required to see a dietitian or nutritionist, and many individuals independently seek nutritional support without prior medical advice. However, for a nutrition service to be covered by insurance, a referral from a primary care physician or another medical professional may be necessary. In such cases, a referral is typically made for those who have been formally diagnosed with a medical condition requiring nutrition counseling, such as diabetes or hypertension. If insurance coverage is critical to a client's ability to see a dietitian, they should contact their insurance provider to determine if a referral is needed for nutritional counseling and to understand any potential co-pays or coverage limits that may apply in their individual circumstance.

How much does it cost to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?

The cost of seeing a dietitian or nutritionist depends on a number of variables, including their location, their specialty, whether they take insurance, and the professional's experience and training. On average, the cost of out-of-pocket sessions with a dietitian or nutritionist within the United States ranges from $50-$150. In some cases, nutrition professionals will require a longer initial evaluation session that will cost more than ongoing follow-up sessions. Dietitians and nutritionists may also offer packages for clients interested in longer-term nutritional support; in such cases, they may charge monthly or other periodic fees for more comprehensive services, such as a combination of nutrition sessions and out-of-session coaching support. If nutrition services are covered by a client's insurance plan and they are eligible for coverage based on any referral requirements, the out-of-pocket cost of seeing a dietitian may be completely covered or significantly reduced.

Are consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist covered by insurance?

If your insurance covers nutrition services, the cost is usually lower than paying out-of-pocket. However, insurance coverage can vary based on factors like your specific plan details, whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network provider, and whether you have a referral for nutrition services based on a medical diagnosis.

Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee. However, these spots are often limited and may not always be available.