Pregnancy Nutritionists and Dietitians in Ossining, NY

Photo of Janet Zarowitz, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Janet Zarowitz
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Ossining, NY 10562
"Has it been a while since you felt well? Are you looking to manage your symptoms in the short term + heal in the long term?" As an Integrative and Functional Nutritionist + Certified LEAP Therapist, I work to uncover underlying root causes for your health conditions. A variety of symptoms can be traced to poor gut health. Whatever the root cause, I blend whole-food therapies, targeted nutrition supplements, + lifestyle changes to support your body's ability to heal + feel better. My approach is thorough + detailed. I utilize current health information, lab work, food logs, + track your historical health record and symptoms.
"Has it been a while since you felt well? Are you looking to manage your symptoms in the short term + heal in the long term?" As an Integrative and Functional Nutritionist + Certified LEAP Therapist, I work to uncover underlying root causes for your health conditions. A variety of symptoms can be traced to poor gut health. Whatever the root cause, I blend whole-food therapies, targeted nutrition supplements, + lifestyle changes to support your body's ability to heal + feel better. My approach is thorough + detailed. I utilize current health information, lab work, food logs, + track your historical health record and symptoms.
(914) 595-2833 View (914) 595-2833
Photo of Silvia Carolina Ross - SRoss Nutrition PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
SRoss Nutrition PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Serves Area
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/ breastfeeding/ pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client!
I am the Founder and CEO of SRoss Nutrition PLLC and work as a public speaker, consultant, and personal trainer while studying Naturopathy medicine. I am the author of The Holistic Approach of Weight and Substanability, silviaross.co. I have successful stories in weight loss, pre-DM/DM2, cancer, and other conditions that no longer require medications.
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/ breastfeeding/ pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client!
I am the Founder and CEO of SRoss Nutrition PLLC and work as a public speaker, consultant, and personal trainer while studying Naturopathy medicine. I am the author of The Holistic Approach of Weight and Substanability, silviaross.co. I have successful stories in weight loss, pre-DM/DM2, cancer, and other conditions that no longer require medications.
(914) 415-6489 View (914) 415-6489

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Nicole Holness, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN, IBCLC
Nicole Holness
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN, IBCLC
New York, NY 10018
PCOS l Endometriosis l Fertility l Pregnancy l Postpartum l Women's Health: I’m passionate about helping women reclaim their health.
Each woman’s health journey is unique, and so is my approach. I uncover the root cause of hormone imbalances, fertility issues, or reproductive concerns. My goal is to create a plan that delivers results and empowers you to feel vibrant and confident. Health should be nurtured with compassion and joy—because when you feel good, everything else falls in place
PCOS l Endometriosis l Fertility l Pregnancy l Postpartum l Women's Health: I’m passionate about helping women reclaim their health.
Each woman’s health journey is unique, and so is my approach. I uncover the root cause of hormone imbalances, fertility issues, or reproductive concerns. My goal is to create a plan that delivers results and empowers you to feel vibrant and confident. Health should be nurtured with compassion and joy—because when you feel good, everything else falls in place
(929) 264-5030 View (929) 264-5030
Photo of Chloe Ring, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS
Chloe Ring
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling with irregular cycles, GI disturbances, weight fluctuations, or conditions like PCOS? Feeling constantly fatigued? You’re not alone. I'm passionate about empowering and educating my clients to support their hormones and overall health. With so much nutrition information available, it's easy to feel lost. That's why my goal is to help you navigate the landscape and create sustainable changes. I offer evidence-based guidance and understand that there's no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to nutrition therapy. I use an integrative approach combining diet and lifestyle to help you tap into your power.
Are you struggling with irregular cycles, GI disturbances, weight fluctuations, or conditions like PCOS? Feeling constantly fatigued? You’re not alone. I'm passionate about empowering and educating my clients to support their hormones and overall health. With so much nutrition information available, it's easy to feel lost. That's why my goal is to help you navigate the landscape and create sustainable changes. I offer evidence-based guidance and understand that there's no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to nutrition therapy. I use an integrative approach combining diet and lifestyle to help you tap into your power.
(929) 470-0680 View (929) 470-0680
Photo of Ryann Kipping, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CLEC
Ryann Kipping
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CLEC
Online Only
I help women who are planning a pregnancy, currently pregnant, or recently postpartum reach optimum health during these extremely important and emotional periods of life.
I offer one on one nutrition counseling sessions that all come with an interactive meal planning tool. All nutrition guidance is individualized and catered to each specific person. All my services are offered virtually.
I help women who are planning a pregnancy, currently pregnant, or recently postpartum reach optimum health during these extremely important and emotional periods of life.
I offer one on one nutrition counseling sessions that all come with an interactive meal planning tool. All nutrition guidance is individualized and catered to each specific person. All my services are offered virtually.
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Photo of Dr. Kate Brock, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, CNS, LDN
Dr. Kate Brock
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, CNS, LDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
At Plenish Nutrition, we specialize in functional nutrition and intuitive eating through a compassionate, sustainable approach to care. Our team supports clients with concerns including digestive issues, hormone imbalances, PCOS, eating disorders, binge eating, emotional eating, blood sugar concerns, chronic dieting, and overall wellness support. We help clients better understand their bodies while improving symptoms in a way that feels realistic and supportive rather than rigid or fear-based. Our approach blends evidence-based functional nutrition with a strong focus on protecting and improving relationship with food.
At Plenish Nutrition, we specialize in functional nutrition and intuitive eating through a compassionate, sustainable approach to care. Our team supports clients with concerns including digestive issues, hormone imbalances, PCOS, eating disorders, binge eating, emotional eating, blood sugar concerns, chronic dieting, and overall wellness support. We help clients better understand their bodies while improving symptoms in a way that feels realistic and supportive rather than rigid or fear-based. Our approach blends evidence-based functional nutrition with a strong focus on protecting and improving relationship with food.
(475) 256-5213 View (475) 256-5213
Photo of Juliana Shalek, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD , CDN
Juliana Shalek
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD , CDN
New York, NY 10017
Juliana Shalek is a Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist licensed in both Massachusetts and New York. Juliana graduated Cum Laude from Union College in Schenectady, NY where she studied English and Psychology. She went on to complete her Dietetic Internship at Mount Sinai Hospital and received a master’s degree in Clinical Nutrition from New York University. Prior to starting her private practice in 2018, Juliana gained extensive counseling experience working in an outpatient medical setting with a group of practitioners. Juliana specializes in a variety of nutrition-related areas including weight loss, diabetes, bariatric
Juliana Shalek is a Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist licensed in both Massachusetts and New York. Juliana graduated Cum Laude from Union College in Schenectady, NY where she studied English and Psychology. She went on to complete her Dietetic Internship at Mount Sinai Hospital and received a master’s degree in Clinical Nutrition from New York University. Prior to starting her private practice in 2018, Juliana gained extensive counseling experience working in an outpatient medical setting with a group of practitioners. Juliana specializes in a variety of nutrition-related areas including weight loss, diabetes, bariatric
(508) 456-6330 View (508) 456-6330
Photo of Carlyn Rosenblum - MTHR Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
MTHR Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Serves Area
MTHR Nutrition, is a concierge nutrition service for women and families during pre-conception, pregnancy and postpartum.
At MTHR Nutrition we believe that high-quality prenatal nutrition is essential to healthy life for both mom and baby. The nine months of pregnancy is the most meaningful period in terms of influencing our health for the rest of our lives.
MTHR Nutrition, is a concierge nutrition service for women and families during pre-conception, pregnancy and postpartum.
At MTHR Nutrition we believe that high-quality prenatal nutrition is essential to healthy life for both mom and baby. The nine months of pregnancy is the most meaningful period in terms of influencing our health for the rest of our lives.
(301) 321-7678 View (301) 321-7678
Photo of Suzanne Gerdes Fultz - Suzanne Fultz Nutrition, PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian
Suzanne Fultz Nutrition, PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian
New City, NY 10956
Are you feeling confused or frustrated about what to eat and how to plan your meals to achieve a healthy weight and lifestyle? Do you feel like you have tried diet after diet but either see no results or revert back to your old habits? Do you feel like you have had little to no support while trying to improve your diet? Work with me to learn how to make a lifestyle change including adopting healthy habits, discovering your triggers and coping mechanisms. You will find that a healthy diet not only helps you achieve your health and weight goals but is also sustainable.
Are you feeling confused or frustrated about what to eat and how to plan your meals to achieve a healthy weight and lifestyle? Do you feel like you have tried diet after diet but either see no results or revert back to your old habits? Do you feel like you have had little to no support while trying to improve your diet? Work with me to learn how to make a lifestyle change including adopting healthy habits, discovering your triggers and coping mechanisms. You will find that a healthy diet not only helps you achieve your health and weight goals but is also sustainable.
(845) 479-5692 View (845) 479-5692
Photo of Miriam Shurpin, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Miriam Shurpin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Pomona, NY 10970
As a Registered Dietitian – Nutritionist I strive to help my clients repair their relationship with food, improve their body image and uncover their self-worth. Through a combination of nutritional therapies based on scientific evidence, I teach my clients how to achieve innate health.
As a Registered Dietitian – Nutritionist I strive to help my clients repair their relationship with food, improve their body image and uncover their self-worth. Through a combination of nutritional therapies based on scientific evidence, I teach my clients how to achieve innate health.
(917) 935-4232 View (917) 935-4232
Photo of Shelley Rothbart, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Shelley Rothbart
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
New York, NY 10065
I provide customized nutritional plans created around your individual medical needs. I have over 20 years of experience having worked at several NY Hospitals including Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York Presbyterian and have publications in major medical journals. I have seen significant weight loss results in my clients and improvement in cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and diabetic control..I work intimately with each individual providing a high level of support and personal attention. I am a very goal oriented person, I don't want to prolong the process of reaching achievement.
I provide customized nutritional plans created around your individual medical needs. I have over 20 years of experience having worked at several NY Hospitals including Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York Presbyterian and have publications in major medical journals. I have seen significant weight loss results in my clients and improvement in cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and diabetic control..I work intimately with each individual providing a high level of support and personal attention. I am a very goal oriented person, I don't want to prolong the process of reaching achievement.
(646) 362-5321 View (646) 362-5321
Photo of Alexandra Orlan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Alexandra Orlan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AND CONDUCTING TELE-HEALTH SESSIONS.** Meal prep and weight loss made simple. *Nutrition solutions for busy men and women **Realistic advice with actionable takeaways, meal plans, recipes, goal setting, and more.
I specialize in weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AND CONDUCTING TELE-HEALTH SESSIONS.** Meal prep and weight loss made simple. *Nutrition solutions for busy men and women **Realistic advice with actionable takeaways, meal plans, recipes, goal setting, and more.
(609) 798-2496 View (609) 798-2496
Photo of Jennifer Shane Medina - Brown & Medina Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN, CDE
Brown & Medina Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN, CDE
New York, NY 10022
Our eclectic group of registered dietitians caters to the diverse needs of our patients and collectively specializes in eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, compulsive overeating), weight management, pediatric nutrition (failure to thrive, picky eaters, food allergies, epilepsy and weight control), gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, Crohn's, Colitis, reflux), diabetes, sports nutrition, pregnancy related issues & cardiovascular disease.
I am the co-owner of Brown & Medina Nutrition. I work with people of all ages and specialize in eating disorders, pediatric nutrition (failure to thrive,obesity, food allergies, picky eating, epilepsy), weight management for adults, diabetes (I am a certified diabetes educator and insulin pump trainer)and gastrointestinal disorders.
Our eclectic group of registered dietitians caters to the diverse needs of our patients and collectively specializes in eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, compulsive overeating), weight management, pediatric nutrition (failure to thrive, picky eaters, food allergies, epilepsy and weight control), gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, Crohn's, Colitis, reflux), diabetes, sports nutrition, pregnancy related issues & cardiovascular disease.
I am the co-owner of Brown & Medina Nutrition. I work with people of all ages and specialize in eating disorders, pediatric nutrition (failure to thrive,obesity, food allergies, picky eating, epilepsy), weight management for adults, diabetes (I am a certified diabetes educator and insulin pump trainer)and gastrointestinal disorders.
(646) 480-6240 View (646) 480-6240
Photo of Madeline Rose Alfiero, Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, RD, MS, RYT-275
Madeline Rose Alfiero
Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, RD, MS, RYT-275
Online Only
Hi, Im Maddie! I am a Registered Dietitian, a Certified Confidence Coach and Mindfulness Nutritionist as well as a Yoga and Pilates instructor. Health and wellness is not just something that I preach but, it's what I practice on a daily basis. I offer single coaching sessions covered by insurance or purchased through private pay. Whichever you choose, you’ll get expert advice and completely customized support! My mission is to help you feel strong, healthy, sexy and confident so you can live your most fun and fearless life!
Hi, Im Maddie! I am a Registered Dietitian, a Certified Confidence Coach and Mindfulness Nutritionist as well as a Yoga and Pilates instructor. Health and wellness is not just something that I preach but, it's what I practice on a daily basis. I offer single coaching sessions covered by insurance or purchased through private pay. Whichever you choose, you’ll get expert advice and completely customized support! My mission is to help you feel strong, healthy, sexy and confident so you can live your most fun and fearless life!
(561) 823-5081 View (561) 823-5081
Photo of Lellieth Keize, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES
Lellieth Keize
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES
New Rochelle, NY 10801
Struggling with diabetes, weight, or digestive issues? I help clients uncover the root causes of symptoms—like inflammation, hormone imbalance, or gut dysfunction—and create personalized, sustainable plans that fit real life. With 16+ years as an RDN and CDCES, I guide you with evidence‑based, functional nutrition so you can lower A1C, improve digestion, boost energy, and feel confident in your health again.
Struggling with diabetes, weight, or digestive issues? I help clients uncover the root causes of symptoms—like inflammation, hormone imbalance, or gut dysfunction—and create personalized, sustainable plans that fit real life. With 16+ years as an RDN and CDCES, I guide you with evidence‑based, functional nutrition so you can lower A1C, improve digestion, boost energy, and feel confident in your health again.
(475) 258-8349 View (475) 258-8349
Photo of Andie Stone, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Andie Stone
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
White Plains, NY 10603
Hello there! My name is Andie and I am a registered dietitian specializing in intuitive eating, eating disorders and disordered eating, pediatric nutrition, and general nutrition and wellness. My personalized approach to nutrition focuses on meeting clients wherever they're currently at and working collaboratively towards goals- whatever those might be! I'm passionate about empowering individuals to understand their bodies' needs and develop habits that allow them to nourish themselves confidently, for life. Progress > perfection!
Hello there! My name is Andie and I am a registered dietitian specializing in intuitive eating, eating disorders and disordered eating, pediatric nutrition, and general nutrition and wellness. My personalized approach to nutrition focuses on meeting clients wherever they're currently at and working collaboratively towards goals- whatever those might be! I'm passionate about empowering individuals to understand their bodies' needs and develop habits that allow them to nourish themselves confidently, for life. Progress > perfection!
(914) 534-3971 View (914) 534-3971
Photo of Angela Rein, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN, CN-D
Angela Rein
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN, CN-D
Rye Brook, NY 10573
I work with clients to develop customized, sustainable wellness plans that are realistic and easy to follow. In our first session, I take a deep dive into your personal health journey and provide a comprehensive and customized plan that addresses your specific health and lifestyle needs. Follow up sessions help support your goals, provide implemental steps in your journey and help hold you accountable. Clients enjoy knowing that they can email, call or text me anytime between office visits.
I work with clients to develop customized, sustainable wellness plans that are realistic and easy to follow. In our first session, I take a deep dive into your personal health journey and provide a comprehensive and customized plan that addresses your specific health and lifestyle needs. Follow up sessions help support your goals, provide implemental steps in your journey and help hold you accountable. Clients enjoy knowing that they can email, call or text me anytime between office visits.
(914) 246-5732 View (914) 246-5732
Photo of Lisa R. Young - Dr. Lisa Young Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN, LDN
Dr. Lisa Young Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN, LDN
New York, NY 10028
Do you want to eat healthier, lose weight, or simply feel better? Yes, it's possible and I can help you. I am an internationally recognized registered dietitian nutritionist, adjunct professor at NYU, & author of Finally Full, Finally Slim & The Portion Teller Plan. I counsel adults, children and families on weight loss, a range of medical nutrition issues, wellness, and behavior modification (VIRTUAL appointments available.) I design individualized programs unique to YOU based on your health & medical needs, lifestyle, and food preferences. As a seasoned professional, I focus on the whole person, integrating mind, body and spirit.
Do you want to eat healthier, lose weight, or simply feel better? Yes, it's possible and I can help you. I am an internationally recognized registered dietitian nutritionist, adjunct professor at NYU, & author of Finally Full, Finally Slim & The Portion Teller Plan. I counsel adults, children and families on weight loss, a range of medical nutrition issues, wellness, and behavior modification (VIRTUAL appointments available.) I design individualized programs unique to YOU based on your health & medical needs, lifestyle, and food preferences. As a seasoned professional, I focus on the whole person, integrating mind, body and spirit.
(347) 970-8559 View (347) 970-8559
Photo of Laura Cordella, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Laura Cordella
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Laura is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) with a background in psychology that focuses on helping clients cultivate a safe and nourishing relationship with food and eating while supporting their mental health. She believes health is so much more than what we eat, so she has a special focus at the intersection of nutrition and psychological wellbeing. Laura has won numerous awards for her holistic approach to care, including Dietitian of the Year at New York Presbyterian Hospital - one of the largest health systems in NYC.
Laura is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) with a background in psychology that focuses on helping clients cultivate a safe and nourishing relationship with food and eating while supporting their mental health. She believes health is so much more than what we eat, so she has a special focus at the intersection of nutrition and psychological wellbeing. Laura has won numerous awards for her holistic approach to care, including Dietitian of the Year at New York Presbyterian Hospital - one of the largest health systems in NYC.
(914) 690-7909 View (914) 690-7909
Photo of Rebecca Tolan Cruse, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Rebecca Tolan Cruse
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Serves Area
Rebecca is a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping others develop a deeper, realistic understanding of nutrition concepts. Rebecca’s counseling style is compassionate and exploratory. She feels strongly there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition, and finds most success through a collaborative approach. Rebecca practices from a weight-neutral and functional lens, always searching for the root causes of her patient’s symptoms.
Rebecca is a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping others develop a deeper, realistic understanding of nutrition concepts. Rebecca’s counseling style is compassionate and exploratory. She feels strongly there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition, and finds most success through a collaborative approach. Rebecca practices from a weight-neutral and functional lens, always searching for the root causes of her patient’s symptoms.
(914) 825-6699 View (914) 825-6699
Pregnancy Nutritionists and Dietitians
What should I eat during pregnancy?
A healthy and balanced diet during pregnancy is crucial for both maternal and child health, and it supports recovery and breastfeeding in the postpartum period. It is important to consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods, including whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. These foods provide essential nutrients needed for a healthy pregnancy, such as folic acid found in beans, eggs, and spinach, which supports the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Additionally, breastfeeding women typically burn an extra 300 calories per day on average, so it is important to ensure an adequate calorie intake to meet this increased demand.

What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?
Nutrition experts generally advise women to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and high-sugar foods during pregnancy. It is also recommended that postpartum mothers avoid foods that contain high levels of harmful chemicals, which may negatively impact a newborn's development if passed on to them; specifically, the FDA thus recommends that women limit consumption of high-mercury fish, such as tuna, mackerel, swordfish, and shark. In addition, pregnant women should not consume raw or potentially undercooked meats and seafood, which may contain bacteria that can harm the fetus and put the mother at greater risk of developing a foodborne illness.

Can nutrition help with pregnancy symptoms?
Nutrition plays a key role in pregnancy, and can significantly impact common symptoms of pregnancy—such as nausea, vomiting, and appetite changes. Experts usually recommend that women focus on consuming a balanced diet as much as possible when pregnant. However, some women with extreme morning sickness or similar symptoms may need to focus on consuming more bland foods, such as plain toast, applesauce, rice, or oatmeal, in order to manage symptoms. In addition, eating small but frequent meals can help reduce symptoms for many women, as can drinking an adequate amount of water. In some cases, if women are unable to meet their nutrient needs, such as their folic acid intake, through their diet due to pregnancy symptoms, they may choose to take supplements to ensure that they are still meeting their nutrient needs.

Should pregnant mothers see a dietitian?
Many pregnant women may find it beneficial to consult with a dietitian. While OB/GYNs can address general dietary questions during pregnancy, dietitians specializing in pregnancy nutrition can offer valuable support for those with specific nutrition-related concerns. OB/GYNs often maintain lists of recommended dietitians who specialize in pregnancy, providing a useful resource for pregnant women if needed. Dietitians can be particularly helpful for women experiencing issues like severe food intolerances or nausea. They can assess whether these symptoms are within normal ranges or require further medical attention. Additionally, dietitians can help pregnant women identify foods that alleviate pregnancy-related symptoms such as nausea, and ensure they consume a diverse range of foods to maintain a balanced diet throughout pregnancy.