Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Nutritionists and Dietitians in Melville, NY

Photo of Shana Maleeff - FoodandFitnessPro, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD, CDN
FoodandFitnessPro, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD, CDN
1 Endorsed
Melville, NY 11747
I specialize in weight loss and transformation, helping people to boost their metabolism, increase energy, improve sleep, increase confidence, and look and feel better. I also have 16+ years of experience working with diabetes, prediabetes, PCOS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, fitness/sports nutrition, GI disorders, and more. I individualize meal plans and programs to fit your lifestyle and preferences and get you the results you are looking for. I use tools like metabolic testing and body fat testing to gain further insights into your unique physiology to individualize your program and goals.
I specialize in weight loss and transformation, helping people to boost their metabolism, increase energy, improve sleep, increase confidence, and look and feel better. I also have 16+ years of experience working with diabetes, prediabetes, PCOS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, fitness/sports nutrition, GI disorders, and more. I individualize meal plans and programs to fit your lifestyle and preferences and get you the results you are looking for. I use tools like metabolic testing and body fat testing to gain further insights into your unique physiology to individualize your program and goals.
(516) 441-9013 View (516) 441-9013

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Rachel Dyckman, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Rachel Dyckman
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Online Only
In addition to my work with clients, I am also a medical reviewer for HealthCentral, a frequent contributor to publications in the health and nutrition space, and I am on the National Scientific Advisory Committee for the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.
Rachel works with clients on individualized, science-backed dietary strategies to achieve sustainable, long-term health. She received her Master's in Clinical Nutrition from NYU and completed clinical training at The Mount Sinai Hospital. Rachel is also on the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation's National Scientific Advisory Committee, where she works to help advance the nutrition care of people living with IBD. Her nutrition philosophy is centered around optimizing the gut microbiome, the trillions of microorganisms inhabiting our gut. In applying this, Rachel helps others improve their health and prevent or manage chronic conditions.
In addition to my work with clients, I am also a medical reviewer for HealthCentral, a frequent contributor to publications in the health and nutrition space, and I am on the National Scientific Advisory Committee for the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.
Rachel works with clients on individualized, science-backed dietary strategies to achieve sustainable, long-term health. She received her Master's in Clinical Nutrition from NYU and completed clinical training at The Mount Sinai Hospital. Rachel is also on the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation's National Scientific Advisory Committee, where she works to help advance the nutrition care of people living with IBD. Her nutrition philosophy is centered around optimizing the gut microbiome, the trillions of microorganisms inhabiting our gut. In applying this, Rachel helps others improve their health and prevent or manage chronic conditions.
(347) 808-6529 View (347) 808-6529
Photo of Jennifer Verola, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDCES
Jennifer Verola
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDCES
Online Only
I am interested in the preventive side of healthcare, and truly believe food can be medicine. I view my health as one of the most important things in my life, and I want to encourage my clients to see the value in their health and accomplish their wellness goals. I personally follow a pescetarian, but mostly plant-based diet, and am a huge proponent of any type of movement. I would love to share my knowledge of food and passion for wellness with you, and help you reach your goals.
I am interested in the preventive side of healthcare, and truly believe food can be medicine. I view my health as one of the most important things in my life, and I want to encourage my clients to see the value in their health and accomplish their wellness goals. I personally follow a pescetarian, but mostly plant-based diet, and am a huge proponent of any type of movement. I would love to share my knowledge of food and passion for wellness with you, and help you reach your goals.
(516) 447-2552 View (516) 447-2552
Photo of Beth Machnica, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, MS
Beth Machnica
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, MS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with patients navigating the complex world of cardiometabolic conditions, PCOS, and chronic health challenges who feel overwhelmed by conflicting advice and failed quick fixes. They're seeking more than temporary solutions—they want sustainable, science-based approaches that honor their unique circumstances and busy lives. These are people ready to dig deeper, understanding that true health transformation requires addressing root causes rather than just managing symptoms. They value expertise but also need genuine understanding of how difficult it can be to change lifelong patterns while juggling work, family, and
I work with patients navigating the complex world of cardiometabolic conditions, PCOS, and chronic health challenges who feel overwhelmed by conflicting advice and failed quick fixes. They're seeking more than temporary solutions—they want sustainable, science-based approaches that honor their unique circumstances and busy lives. These are people ready to dig deeper, understanding that true health transformation requires addressing root causes rather than just managing symptoms. They value expertise but also need genuine understanding of how difficult it can be to change lifelong patterns while juggling work, family, and
(718) 550-4386 View (718) 550-4386
Photo of Lisa R. Young - Dr. Lisa Young Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN, LDN
Dr. Lisa Young Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN, LDN
New York, NY 10028
I counsel adults, children and families on weight loss, a range of medical nutrition issues, wellness, and behavior modification (VIRTUAL appointments available.) I design individualized programs unique to YOU based on your health & medical needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
You are in good hands. I have 25+ yrs experience plus additional qualifications than most registered dietitian/nutritionists. I hold a PhD in nutrition, am a published author, conducted research at prestigious medical centers, and consulted for various weight management programs. Best of all, you will not feel deprived or hungry working with me.
I counsel adults, children and families on weight loss, a range of medical nutrition issues, wellness, and behavior modification (VIRTUAL appointments available.) I design individualized programs unique to YOU based on your health & medical needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
You are in good hands. I have 25+ yrs experience plus additional qualifications than most registered dietitian/nutritionists. I hold a PhD in nutrition, am a published author, conducted research at prestigious medical centers, and consulted for various weight management programs. Best of all, you will not feel deprived or hungry working with me.
(347) 970-8559 View (347) 970-8559
Photo of Elyse Metelka - Elyse Metelka Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Elyse Metelka Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
New York, NY 10019
Elyse Metelka Nutrition is a nutrition private practice located near Columbus Circle in New York City providing nutrition counseling and education. Services include one-on-one nutrition counseling, nutrition presentations to groups, and media writing or appearances. Elyse Metelka, MS, RD, CDN is the owner and founder of Elyse Metelka Nutrition. She is a Registered Dietitian (RD) and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist (CDN). Her specialties include eating disorders and disordered eating, intuitive eating, weight and body image issues, health at every size (HAES), sports nutrition, nutrition for figure skaters, and vegetarian nutrition.
Elyse Metelka Nutrition is a nutrition private practice located near Columbus Circle in New York City providing nutrition counseling and education. Services include one-on-one nutrition counseling, nutrition presentations to groups, and media writing or appearances. Elyse Metelka, MS, RD, CDN is the owner and founder of Elyse Metelka Nutrition. She is a Registered Dietitian (RD) and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist (CDN). Her specialties include eating disorders and disordered eating, intuitive eating, weight and body image issues, health at every size (HAES), sports nutrition, nutrition for figure skaters, and vegetarian nutrition.
(646) 593-7503 View (646) 593-7503
Photo of Alexandra (Lexi) Orlan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Alexandra (Lexi) Orlan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! I'm a Columbia University-trained Registered Dietitian. I specialize in gentle weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health. When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! I'm a Columbia University-trained Registered Dietitian. I specialize in gentle weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health. When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
(732) 379-1434 View (732) 379-1434
Photo of Francesca Alfano, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CDN, CNS, IFNCP
Francesca Alfano
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CDN, CNS, IFNCP
New York, NY 10013
I help women who are struggling to lose weight implement simple, sustainable food and lifestyle habits so they can support a healthy metabolism, balance hormones, increase energy levels, and permanently lose weight without counting calories or following restrictive diets. Unlike traditional diets, I use an individualized functional medicine and culinary nutrition approach to help my clients build lifelong healthy habits so they can confidently nourish their bodies in a delicious and satisfying way.
I help women who are struggling to lose weight implement simple, sustainable food and lifestyle habits so they can support a healthy metabolism, balance hormones, increase energy levels, and permanently lose weight without counting calories or following restrictive diets. Unlike traditional diets, I use an individualized functional medicine and culinary nutrition approach to help my clients build lifelong healthy habits so they can confidently nourish their bodies in a delicious and satisfying way.
(631) 856-2213 View (631) 856-2213
Photo of Georgette Ravenhall - Morning Bird Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Morning Bird Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Online Only
Morning Bird Nutrition is a group of warm and knowledgeable Nutritionists who want to help you meet their goals. If you are feeling frustrated with navigating how to better your health, we would love to help. We offer convenient telehealth services to our clients.
Morning Bird Nutrition is a group of warm and knowledgeable Nutritionists who want to help you meet their goals. If you are feeling frustrated with navigating how to better your health, we would love to help. We offer convenient telehealth services to our clients.
(516) 613-5863 View (516) 613-5863
Photo of Jessica Jones Registered Dietitian Certified Diabetes Educator - Diabetes Digital (Telehealth Diabetes Nutrition), Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, RDN, CDE, CDCES
Diabetes Digital (Telehealth Diabetes Nutrition)
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, RDN, CDE, CDCES
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Ready to empower yourself in managing your diabetes or prediabetes? With over 12 years of experience, we've helped thousands of clients lower their blood glucose levels and reclaim their lives. Imagine a future filled with energy, freedom, and confidence. At Diabetes Digital, our personalized 1-on-1 nutrition counseling is designed to suit your unique needs, cultural background, and preferences. We'll guide you towards nourishing food options and finding a comfortable balance that works for you. No more rigid rules or restrictive diets. We'll help you discover delicious and satisfying meals that align with your health goals.
Ready to empower yourself in managing your diabetes or prediabetes? With over 12 years of experience, we've helped thousands of clients lower their blood glucose levels and reclaim their lives. Imagine a future filled with energy, freedom, and confidence. At Diabetes Digital, our personalized 1-on-1 nutrition counseling is designed to suit your unique needs, cultural background, and preferences. We'll guide you towards nourishing food options and finding a comfortable balance that works for you. No more rigid rules or restrictive diets. We'll help you discover delicious and satisfying meals that align with your health goals.
(916) 345-2088 View (916) 345-2088
Photo of Alexandra Kaplan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, CDE, CSP
Alexandra Kaplan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, CDE, CSP
Ardsley, NY 10502
She creates an individualized plan based on your specific nutritional needs, medical and family history, weight history, preferences and lifestyle.
Alex currently works at Montefiore Medical Center in Pediatric Endocrinology, counseling patients with diabetes, celiac disease and endocrine disorders. She has also counseled adults with medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal conditions, allergies, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Alex is a writer for Livestrong, eHow nutrition and SFGate Healthy Living.
She creates an individualized plan based on your specific nutritional needs, medical and family history, weight history, preferences and lifestyle.
Alex currently works at Montefiore Medical Center in Pediatric Endocrinology, counseling patients with diabetes, celiac disease and endocrine disorders. She has also counseled adults with medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal conditions, allergies, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Alex is a writer for Livestrong, eHow nutrition and SFGate Healthy Living.
(914) 908-2172 View (914) 908-2172
Photo of Dr. Danielle Heard, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, MS, CNS, LN, CKNS
Dr. Danielle Heard
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, MS, CNS, LN, CKNS
New York, NY 10018
Dr. Heard is a Licensed and Board Certified Doctor of Clinical & Functional Nutrition, and Certified Nutrition Specialist. She coaches women who want to improve their health and wellness. Dr. Heard has many years of experience working with people who have a wide range of health conditions. She primarily works with women ages 18+.
Dr. Heard is a Licensed and Board Certified Doctor of Clinical & Functional Nutrition, and Certified Nutrition Specialist. She coaches women who want to improve their health and wellness. Dr. Heard has many years of experience working with people who have a wide range of health conditions. She primarily works with women ages 18+.
(212) 535-3160 View (212) 535-3160
Photo of Megan Murphy - Shapely, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Shapely
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Online Only
They may be struggling with weight, hormonal changes, or medical conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol.
Shapely’s registered dietitians provide personalized, evidence-based nutrition care covered by most insurance plans. Each plan is tailored to individual goals—whether weight management, hormone balance, or improved overall health—and designed to create lasting, realistic change that fits everyday life.
They may be struggling with weight, hormonal changes, or medical conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol.
Shapely’s registered dietitians provide personalized, evidence-based nutrition care covered by most insurance plans. Each plan is tailored to individual goals—whether weight management, hormone balance, or improved overall health—and designed to create lasting, realistic change that fits everyday life.
(323) 622-7814 View (323) 622-7814
Photo of Jill Gulotta - Jill Gulotta Nutrition, PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, LP-MHC
Jill Gulotta Nutrition, PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, LP-MHC
1 Endorsed
White Plains, NY 10607
Jill Gulotta, MS, RDN, CDN is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist and Therapist with offices in New York City and Tarrytown, NY. Jill holds a holds a Masters of Science in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology from Teachers College, Columbia University and a Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Northwestern University.
Jill Gulotta, MS, RDN, CDN is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist and Therapist with offices in New York City and Tarrytown, NY. Jill holds a holds a Masters of Science in Nutrition and Exercise Physiology from Teachers College, Columbia University and a Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Northwestern University.
(914) 240-2126 View (914) 240-2126
Photo of Samantha Podob - Podob Nutrition PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Podob Nutrition PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
1 Endorsed
Bayside, NY 11361
Understanding your unique challenges – from weight management to nutrition confusion. Samantha's personalized guidance and support will empower you to achieve your goals, whether it's shedding pounds, managing health conditions, or boosting your confidence. Say goodbye to dieting woes and hello to sustainable, enjoyable eating habits.
Understanding your unique challenges – from weight management to nutrition confusion. Samantha's personalized guidance and support will empower you to achieve your goals, whether it's shedding pounds, managing health conditions, or boosting your confidence. Say goodbye to dieting woes and hello to sustainable, enjoyable eating habits.
(646) 603-0442 View (646) 603-0442
Photo of Danielle T Sobieski, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Danielle T Sobieski
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Brooklyn, NY 11238
If you’re unsure where to start or want guidance that feels supportive and realistic, I provide evidence-based nutrition therapy grounded in the realities of everyday life.
I work with adults navigating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance and prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension, and weight management including weight cycling
If you’re unsure where to start or want guidance that feels supportive and realistic, I provide evidence-based nutrition therapy grounded in the realities of everyday life.
I work with adults navigating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance and prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension, and weight management including weight cycling
(347) 455-0380 View (347) 455-0380
Photo of Angela T. Russo, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, ACN, GAPS
Angela T. Russo
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, ACN, GAPS
White Plains, NY 10601
Are you ready to feel better, gain vitality and optimal health? Overwhelmed by health challenges, struggling and tired of being sick? My focus is to determine your underlying health problems and treat it. I specialize in addressing various symptoms including: nutritional deficiencies and intolerances, inflammation, fatigue, allergies, digestive issues such as gas, bloat, constipation, diabetes and sugar imbalances, high cholesterol and blood pressure, hormonal imbalances, stress, toxicity, detoxification and more. I develop weight loss programs designed around you, your goals and your commitment to achieving your ideal weight. This will be the last weight loss program you will ever need.
Are you ready to feel better, gain vitality and optimal health? Overwhelmed by health challenges, struggling and tired of being sick? My focus is to determine your underlying health problems and treat it. I specialize in addressing various symptoms including: nutritional deficiencies and intolerances, inflammation, fatigue, allergies, digestive issues such as gas, bloat, constipation, diabetes and sugar imbalances, high cholesterol and blood pressure, hormonal imbalances, stress, toxicity, detoxification and more. I develop weight loss programs designed around you, your goals and your commitment to achieving your ideal weight. This will be the last weight loss program you will ever need.
(914) 618-4764 View (914) 618-4764
Photo of Ashley Danulevith, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
Ashley Danulevith
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If you feel caught between the medical expectations of “perfect” diabetes management and the emotional toll of rigid food rules, guilt, or shame around eating, Ashley can help!
Ashley is a clinical dietitian in a large hospital setting, so she is familiar with a wide breadth of health conditions and issues. Ashley is also a marathon runner and former collegiate swimmer, making her a great fit for individuals who are looking to fuel physical activity or begin implementing movement into their daily routine.
If you feel caught between the medical expectations of “perfect” diabetes management and the emotional toll of rigid food rules, guilt, or shame around eating, Ashley can help!
Ashley is a clinical dietitian in a large hospital setting, so she is familiar with a wide breadth of health conditions and issues. Ashley is also a marathon runner and former collegiate swimmer, making her a great fit for individuals who are looking to fuel physical activity or begin implementing movement into their daily routine.
(516) 928-4393 View (516) 928-4393
Photo of Deborah A. Williams, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
Deborah A. Williams
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
Online Only
As a Registered Dietitian (RD, CDN), I help clients move beyond diets, confusion, and quick fixes into a sustainable, empowered relationship with food and body. My approach blends evidence-based nutrition with holistic practices rooted in neuroscience, mindset, and embodiment. Together, we uncover patterns that keep you stuck, calm the inner voice of doubt, and build trust in your body’s signals. Clients often arrive frustrated or disconnected; I guide them toward food freedom, body acceptance, and a clear, confident path to lasting wellness.
As a Registered Dietitian (RD, CDN), I help clients move beyond diets, confusion, and quick fixes into a sustainable, empowered relationship with food and body. My approach blends evidence-based nutrition with holistic practices rooted in neuroscience, mindset, and embodiment. Together, we uncover patterns that keep you stuck, calm the inner voice of doubt, and build trust in your body’s signals. Clients often arrive frustrated or disconnected; I guide them toward food freedom, body acceptance, and a clear, confident path to lasting wellness.
(631) 502-7972 View (631) 502-7972
Photo of Hilary Cole, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CEDS
Hilary Cole
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CEDS
Online Only
Hilary (she/her) is an anti-diet registered dietitian and practices from a mental health and trauma-informed lens. She utilizes a Health at Every Size philosophy and emphasizes All Foods Fit with principles of Intuitive Eating to help clients remove guilt and shame and to start building and positive and healthy relationship with food and their bodies. Through compassionate and collaborative care, she will help you understand your eating behaviors, patterns, and thoughts on a deeper level.
Hilary (she/her) is an anti-diet registered dietitian and practices from a mental health and trauma-informed lens. She utilizes a Health at Every Size philosophy and emphasizes All Foods Fit with principles of Intuitive Eating to help clients remove guilt and shame and to start building and positive and healthy relationship with food and their bodies. Through compassionate and collaborative care, she will help you understand your eating behaviors, patterns, and thoughts on a deeper level.
(619) 375-5143 View (619) 375-5143
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Nutritionists and Dietitians
What is medical nutrition therapy?
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) involves the use of personalized dietary changes to prevent or manage chronic conditions. Typically conducted in an outpatient setting by a Registered Dietitian (RD), MNT aims to address specific health issues through tailored nutrition plans. Clients are often referred for MNT by healthcare professionals who identify conditions that could benefit from dietary and lifestyle modifications, such as diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. The goal of MNT is to improve overall health outcomes by making adjustments to the client's diet based on their individual needs and medical conditions.

What conditions is medical nutrition therapy for?
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is often used for individuals with diseases caused or worsened by poor diet, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases. However, other conditions can also benefit from nutrition therapy. MNT is typically not intended to replace other treatments, such as medication, but rather to complement them. By improving a person's overall diet and health, MNT aims to prevent the exacerbation of symptoms and complement other treatments.

Is medical nutrition therapy covered by insurance?
Medical nutrition therapy is frequently covered by insurance. However, insurance coverage can vary based on factors like your specific plan details, whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network provider, and whether you have a referral for nutrition services based on a medical diagnosis. While a referral is not required to see a dietitian or nutritionist, and many individuals independently seek nutritional support without prior medical advice, a referral from a primary care physician or another medical professional may be necessary to obtain coverage for medical nutrition services. In such cases, a referral is typically made for those who have been formally diagnosed with a medical condition requiring nutrition counseling, such as diabetes or hypertension. Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee.

What does medical nutrition therapy involve?
The approach a dietitian will take in a medical nutrition therapy session will depend on a number of factors, including what conditions the client has and what the goals of the client are. An initial session often involves an assessment of the client's overall health and current dietary intake; a dietitian may also speak with a client's medical doctor prior to or following a first session to obtain information on the medical condition(s) the client is seeking nutrition therapy counseling for. The dietitian will then work with the client to create goals of medical nutrition therapy sessions, such as weight loss, eating a more plant-based diet, or reducing sodium intake. Then, in ongoing sessions, the dietitian will work with the client to meet their stated goals. These ongoing sessions often include menu planning and coaching, which involve the dietitian working with the client to develop strategies for a healthier and more balanced diet. Dietitians may suggest recipes, put together grocery shopping lists, and/or recommend tracking one's intake in order to help clients make desired changes.