Female Nutritionists and Dietitians in Bronxville, NY

Photo of Leslie Anders, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MSc, RDN, CDN
Leslie Anders
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MSc, RDN, CDN
Serves Area
My practice focuses on helping patients create and sustain new eating and lifestyle behaviors that can effectively improve their medical conditions, support immunity, increase energy and well being. I specialize in nutrition counseling for adults, adolescents and children regarding weight control, eating disorders, cholesterol abnormalities, auto-immune conditions, hypertension, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, pre/post bariatric surgery counseling, food allergies/ sensitivities, and a number of additional medical conditions. I provide accurate information regarding the impact of nutrition on a patient's medical condition(s). This is the cornerstone in creating permanent and effective nutrition/lifestyle changes.
My practice focuses on helping patients create and sustain new eating and lifestyle behaviors that can effectively improve their medical conditions, support immunity, increase energy and well being. I specialize in nutrition counseling for adults, adolescents and children regarding weight control, eating disorders, cholesterol abnormalities, auto-immune conditions, hypertension, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, pre/post bariatric surgery counseling, food allergies/ sensitivities, and a number of additional medical conditions. I provide accurate information regarding the impact of nutrition on a patient's medical condition(s). This is the cornerstone in creating permanent and effective nutrition/lifestyle changes.
(914) 269-8948 View (914) 269-8948

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Kate Brock, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, CNS, LDN
Dr. Kate Brock
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DCN, CNS, LDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
At Plenish Nutrition, we specialize in functional nutrition and intuitive eating through a compassionate, sustainable approach to care. Our team supports clients with concerns including digestive issues, hormone imbalances, PCOS, eating disorders, binge eating, emotional eating, blood sugar concerns, chronic dieting, and overall wellness support. We help clients better understand their bodies while improving symptoms in a way that feels realistic and supportive rather than rigid or fear-based. Our approach blends evidence-based functional nutrition with a strong focus on protecting and improving relationship with food.
At Plenish Nutrition, we specialize in functional nutrition and intuitive eating through a compassionate, sustainable approach to care. Our team supports clients with concerns including digestive issues, hormone imbalances, PCOS, eating disorders, binge eating, emotional eating, blood sugar concerns, chronic dieting, and overall wellness support. We help clients better understand their bodies while improving symptoms in a way that feels realistic and supportive rather than rigid or fear-based. Our approach blends evidence-based functional nutrition with a strong focus on protecting and improving relationship with food.
(475) 256-5213 View (475) 256-5213
Photo of Alix Eve Schram, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, IFNCP
Alix Eve Schram
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, IFNCP
New York, NY 10011
Hi! I'm Alix, a registered dietitian specializing in intuitive eating and functional nutrition. Are you tired of feeling confused about all the conflicting nutrition information out there? Worried about what you should/shouldn't eat? Have you been plagued by digestive issues your whole life and feel like you've tried everything? I've been there. I help clients break free from diet culture and find a more peaceful relationship with food, while helping to uncover the root cause of any difficult symptoms.
Hi! I'm Alix, a registered dietitian specializing in intuitive eating and functional nutrition. Are you tired of feeling confused about all the conflicting nutrition information out there? Worried about what you should/shouldn't eat? Have you been plagued by digestive issues your whole life and feel like you've tried everything? I've been there. I help clients break free from diet culture and find a more peaceful relationship with food, while helping to uncover the root cause of any difficult symptoms.
(617) 841-3328 View (617) 841-3328
Photo of Alana Kessler - Be Well. By Alana Kessler, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Be Well. By Alana Kessler
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
New York, NY 10016
I am a trained Registered Dietitan experienced in both the clinical and the counseling setting. I have completed the CDR certificate of training in Adult Weight Management and a Certification of Ayurveda Science, providing a unique blend of Eastern and Western diet and lifestyle guidance for over 8 years. I believe a healthy and balanced lifestyle and diet can benefit anyone and at any age. I founded the Yoga and Wellness Center Sangha Yoga Shala in 2009, serving as an urban sanctuary in Brooklyn, New York. I provide a comfortable counseling atmosphere for individuals or groups.
I am a trained Registered Dietitan experienced in both the clinical and the counseling setting. I have completed the CDR certificate of training in Adult Weight Management and a Certification of Ayurveda Science, providing a unique blend of Eastern and Western diet and lifestyle guidance for over 8 years. I believe a healthy and balanced lifestyle and diet can benefit anyone and at any age. I founded the Yoga and Wellness Center Sangha Yoga Shala in 2009, serving as an urban sanctuary in Brooklyn, New York. I provide a comfortable counseling atmosphere for individuals or groups.
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Photo of Abigail Rapaport, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Abigail Rapaport
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Online Only
I help simplify nutrition so you can eat smarter and optimize your body, mind and health. I am a realist and believe your food plan should fit your lifestyle - whether you’re managing an illness like epilepsy, trying to lose weight, lower your cholesterol, or just want feel and look your best. I get it; we are all constantly bombarded with different diets and workouts that guarantee weight loss or health cures. Most of the time, they lead to feeling overwhelmed, cyclical dieting and feeling deprived. With my help, you can learn how to put an end to your health struggles and start to look and feel your best starting today.
I help simplify nutrition so you can eat smarter and optimize your body, mind and health. I am a realist and believe your food plan should fit your lifestyle - whether you’re managing an illness like epilepsy, trying to lose weight, lower your cholesterol, or just want feel and look your best. I get it; we are all constantly bombarded with different diets and workouts that guarantee weight loss or health cures. Most of the time, they lead to feeling overwhelmed, cyclical dieting and feeling deprived. With my help, you can learn how to put an end to your health struggles and start to look and feel your best starting today.
(646) 362-3908 View (646) 362-3908
Photo of Laura Cipullo - Laura Cipullo Whole Nutrition Services, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDRD, CDE
Laura Cipullo Whole Nutrition Services
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CEDRD, CDE
New York, NY 10010
About Laura and her Team: Laura Cipullo is a Registered Dietitian, Certified Diabetes Educator, Certified Eating Disorder Registered Dietitian and four-time author, with offices in NYC and NJ. Laura is the founder of Laura Cipullo Whole Nutrition Services in NYC, where she and her team teach clients how to eat ALL foods guilt-free and how to live mindfully. Laura weaves evidence-based science into treating her clients, and her approach combines her credentialed expertise in Nutrition, Behavior change, The endocrine system, and Psychology
About Laura and her Team: Laura Cipullo is a Registered Dietitian, Certified Diabetes Educator, Certified Eating Disorder Registered Dietitian and four-time author, with offices in NYC and NJ. Laura is the founder of Laura Cipullo Whole Nutrition Services in NYC, where she and her team teach clients how to eat ALL foods guilt-free and how to live mindfully. Laura weaves evidence-based science into treating her clients, and her approach combines her credentialed expertise in Nutrition, Behavior change, The endocrine system, and Psychology
(917) 924-6492 View (917) 924-6492
Photo of Elyse Metelka - Elyse Metelka Nutrition, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Elyse Metelka Nutrition
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
New York, NY 10019
Elyse Metelka Nutrition is a nutrition private practice located near Columbus Circle in New York City providing nutrition counseling and education. Services include one-on-one nutrition counseling, nutrition presentations to groups, and media writing or appearances. Elyse Metelka, MS, RD, CDN is the owner and founder of Elyse Metelka Nutrition. She is a Registered Dietitian (RD) and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist (CDN). Her specialties include eating disorders and disordered eating, intuitive eating, weight and body image issues, health at every size (HAES), sports nutrition, nutrition for figure skaters, and vegetarian nutrition.
Elyse Metelka Nutrition is a nutrition private practice located near Columbus Circle in New York City providing nutrition counseling and education. Services include one-on-one nutrition counseling, nutrition presentations to groups, and media writing or appearances. Elyse Metelka, MS, RD, CDN is the owner and founder of Elyse Metelka Nutrition. She is a Registered Dietitian (RD) and Certified Dietitian Nutritionist (CDN). Her specialties include eating disorders and disordered eating, intuitive eating, weight and body image issues, health at every size (HAES), sports nutrition, nutrition for figure skaters, and vegetarian nutrition.
(646) 593-7503 View (646) 593-7503
Photo of Silvia Carolina Ross - SRoss Nutrition PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
SRoss Nutrition PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Woodside, NY 11377
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/breastfeeding/pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client! My method employs an integrative functional and holistic approach, along with structured lifestyle guidance. I offer group consultations and corporate events.
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/breastfeeding/pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client! My method employs an integrative functional and holistic approach, along with structured lifestyle guidance. I offer group consultations and corporate events.
(914) 415-6489 View (914) 415-6489
Photo of Lauren Minchen, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDN
Lauren Minchen
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDN
New York, NY 10016
Lauren is committed to offering you nutritional guidance and meal support on your journey to optimal wellness. She will work with you to develop a personalized nutrition and menu plan that addresses your needs and works with your lifestyle. Lauren's nutrition counseling sessions include analysis of current meal patterns, lifestyle factors, medical diagnoses, medication regimen, food allergies and preferences, and your personal wellness goals. And her culinary services make achieving your health goals even easier. If you want to begin taking the right steps to achieve optimal health, contact Lauren to discuss what works for you.
Lauren is committed to offering you nutritional guidance and meal support on your journey to optimal wellness. She will work with you to develop a personalized nutrition and menu plan that addresses your needs and works with your lifestyle. Lauren's nutrition counseling sessions include analysis of current meal patterns, lifestyle factors, medical diagnoses, medication regimen, food allergies and preferences, and your personal wellness goals. And her culinary services make achieving your health goals even easier. If you want to begin taking the right steps to achieve optimal health, contact Lauren to discuss what works for you.
(646) 863-5398 View (646) 863-5398
Photo of Robin Millet, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CEDS-C, CDN
Robin Millet
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CEDS-C, CDN
New York, NY 10001
Our relationship with food and our bodies often gets complicated. I enjoy helping people develop a new relationship; one that is not guided by judgement or strict rules. I often work with individuals with eating disorders or erratic eating patterns and have years of experience in successfully helping people apply needed changes to their behaviors but also their thoughts and beliefs. In order to find a healthful and maintainable way of taking care of yourself I create a supportive environment as we work together to make progressive changes and deal with obstacles as they arise.
Our relationship with food and our bodies often gets complicated. I enjoy helping people develop a new relationship; one that is not guided by judgement or strict rules. I often work with individuals with eating disorders or erratic eating patterns and have years of experience in successfully helping people apply needed changes to their behaviors but also their thoughts and beliefs. In order to find a healthful and maintainable way of taking care of yourself I create a supportive environment as we work together to make progressive changes and deal with obstacles as they arise.
(917) 725-2111 View (917) 725-2111
Photo of Nicole Hallissey, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Nicole Hallissey
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10028
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences. Together, we'll simplify cooking with quick, easy recipes, and I'll share realistic strategies to make meal planning a breeze. Let's make your wellness adventure enjoyable, achievable, and sustainable! Currently, I only offer virtual sessions. Get started ASAP, book directly using this link: bit.ly/bookRDnow
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences. Together, we'll simplify cooking with quick, easy recipes, and I'll share realistic strategies to make meal planning a breeze. Let's make your wellness adventure enjoyable, achievable, and sustainable! Currently, I only offer virtual sessions. Get started ASAP, book directly using this link: bit.ly/bookRDnow
(551) 272-6869 View (551) 272-6869
Photo of Masha Sardari - Masha Sardari MS, RD, LD - Fearlessly Nourished , Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Masha Sardari MS, RD, LD - Fearlessly Nourished
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN
Online Only
At Fearlessly Nourished, I’m passionate about working with clients struggling with eating disorders and disordered eating who are ready to transform their relationship with food and rediscover body trust. Together, we’ll break free from judgment and stress around nutrition, creating space for balance, body acceptance, and self-compassion.
At Fearlessly Nourished, I’m passionate about working with clients struggling with eating disorders and disordered eating who are ready to transform their relationship with food and rediscover body trust. Together, we’ll break free from judgment and stress around nutrition, creating space for balance, body acceptance, and self-compassion.
(904) 921-3421 View (904) 921-3421
Photo of Megan Byrd, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Megan Byrd
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Megan is a Registered Dietitian who helps clients improve health and wellness through a compassionate, personalized approach. She has experience in PCOS, infertility, prenatal/postpartum nutrition, anti-inflammatory diets, picky eating in children, blood pressure and cholesterol management, cardiovascular health, weight management, diabetes, food sensitivities, vegan/vegetarian diets, and overall wellness. She collaborates with clients to create plans that support their unique health goals.
Megan is a Registered Dietitian who helps clients improve health and wellness through a compassionate, personalized approach. She has experience in PCOS, infertility, prenatal/postpartum nutrition, anti-inflammatory diets, picky eating in children, blood pressure and cholesterol management, cardiovascular health, weight management, diabetes, food sensitivities, vegan/vegetarian diets, and overall wellness. She collaborates with clients to create plans that support their unique health goals.
(346) 572-9634 View (346) 572-9634
Photo of Michele Goldfine, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Michele Goldfine
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
New York, NY 10016
I'm a dietitian specializing in disordered eating, eating disorders, chronic dieting and intuitive eating. I provide a warm, open, and non-judgmental space to help you create a peaceful relationship with food, while developing a personalized and balanced approach to health and well-being that works for you. Do you feel preoccupied with thoughts about food and your weight, or perhaps you feel like you can’t be trusted to keep your favorite foods in your house? Maybe you feel anxiety around going out to eat with friends or that you feel stuck counting points/calories. If any of these resonate, I'd love to work with you!
I'm a dietitian specializing in disordered eating, eating disorders, chronic dieting and intuitive eating. I provide a warm, open, and non-judgmental space to help you create a peaceful relationship with food, while developing a personalized and balanced approach to health and well-being that works for you. Do you feel preoccupied with thoughts about food and your weight, or perhaps you feel like you can’t be trusted to keep your favorite foods in your house? Maybe you feel anxiety around going out to eat with friends or that you feel stuck counting points/calories. If any of these resonate, I'd love to work with you!
(347) 252-9364 View (347) 252-9364
Photo of Lisamarie Karlson, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, RDN
Lisamarie Karlson
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, RDN
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I'm a plant-based dietitian, and I have followed a plant-based lifestyle for over a decade. I work with the company Plant-Based Dietitians ltd. We offer online consultations to anyone who is interested in a plant-based, vegetarian, or vegan diet. With more than 6 years of experience in the nutrition industry, I have been helping individuals enhance their health and achieve their objectives. I offer a free 20-minute discovery call (via phone or Zoom). Simply send an email, and my customer service team will supply you with the scheduling link. You also have the option to book a session directly.
Hello! I'm a plant-based dietitian, and I have followed a plant-based lifestyle for over a decade. I work with the company Plant-Based Dietitians ltd. We offer online consultations to anyone who is interested in a plant-based, vegetarian, or vegan diet. With more than 6 years of experience in the nutrition industry, I have been helping individuals enhance their health and achieve their objectives. I offer a free 20-minute discovery call (via phone or Zoom). Simply send an email, and my customer service team will supply you with the scheduling link. You also have the option to book a session directly.
(914) 331-8167 View (914) 331-8167
Photo of Natasha S Hescott - Hescott Nutrition Services, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CDN
Hescott Nutrition Services, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hescott Nutrition Services offer nutrition services and holistic health coaching for chronic disease prevention. With 10 plus years of experience working with a diverse population, she believes in using patient-centered care and a culturally sensitive approach to helping each client reach their individualized nutrition goals. Research shows that the leading causes of death and disability in America are modifiable chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke with key lifestyle risk factors being poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, tobacco, and excessive alcohol use.
Hescott Nutrition Services offer nutrition services and holistic health coaching for chronic disease prevention. With 10 plus years of experience working with a diverse population, she believes in using patient-centered care and a culturally sensitive approach to helping each client reach their individualized nutrition goals. Research shows that the leading causes of death and disability in America are modifiable chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke with key lifestyle risk factors being poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, tobacco, and excessive alcohol use.
(929) 930-3939 View (929) 930-3939
Photo of Jessica Jones Registered Dietitian Certified Diabetes Educator - Diabetes Digital (Telehealth Diabetes Nutrition), Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, RDN, CDE, CDCES
Diabetes Digital (Telehealth Diabetes Nutrition)
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, RDN, CDE, CDCES
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Ready to empower yourself in managing your diabetes or prediabetes? With over 12 years of experience, we've helped thousands of clients lower their blood glucose levels and reclaim their lives. Imagine a future filled with energy, freedom, and confidence. At Diabetes Digital, our personalized 1-on-1 nutrition counseling is designed to suit your unique needs, cultural background, and preferences. We'll guide you towards nourishing food options and finding a comfortable balance that works for you. No more rigid rules or restrictive diets. We'll help you discover delicious and satisfying meals that align with your health goals.
Ready to empower yourself in managing your diabetes or prediabetes? With over 12 years of experience, we've helped thousands of clients lower their blood glucose levels and reclaim their lives. Imagine a future filled with energy, freedom, and confidence. At Diabetes Digital, our personalized 1-on-1 nutrition counseling is designed to suit your unique needs, cultural background, and preferences. We'll guide you towards nourishing food options and finding a comfortable balance that works for you. No more rigid rules or restrictive diets. We'll help you discover delicious and satisfying meals that align with your health goals.
(916) 345-2088 View (916) 345-2088
Photo of Barbara Lewin - Sports-Nutritionist.com, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CSSD, LDN
Sports-Nutritionist.com
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CSSD, LDN
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a sports nutritionist and functional dietitian with 25+ years of experience helping athletes maximize performance and health. I work with: triathletes, Olympic contenders, pro football, hockey, and basketball. Runners and cyclists, endurance and ultra-endurance racers young and masters athletes. I create individualized plans to build lean muscle, reduce body fat, improve endurance and recovery, support hydration and injury prevention, and fine-tune fueling strategies. Whether you’re chasing a podium finish or simply want to feel and perform your best, I’ll help you get there with proven, practical guidance.
I am a sports nutritionist and functional dietitian with 25+ years of experience helping athletes maximize performance and health. I work with: triathletes, Olympic contenders, pro football, hockey, and basketball. Runners and cyclists, endurance and ultra-endurance racers young and masters athletes. I create individualized plans to build lean muscle, reduce body fat, improve endurance and recovery, support hydration and injury prevention, and fine-tune fueling strategies. Whether you’re chasing a podium finish or simply want to feel and perform your best, I’ll help you get there with proven, practical guidance.
(984) 213-5293 View (984) 213-5293
Photo of Shana Maleeff - FoodandFitnessPro, LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD, CDN
FoodandFitnessPro, LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MA, RD, CDN
1 Endorsed
Hicksville, NY 11801
I specialize in weight loss and transformation, helping people to boost their metabolism, increase energy, improve sleep, increase confidence, and look and feel better. I also have 16+ years of experience working with diabetes, prediabetes, PCOS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, fitness/sports nutrition, GI disorders, and more. I individualize meal plans and programs to fit your lifestyle and preferences and get you the results you are looking for. I use tools like metabolic testing and body fat testing to gain further insights into your unique physiology to individualize your program and goals.
I specialize in weight loss and transformation, helping people to boost their metabolism, increase energy, improve sleep, increase confidence, and look and feel better. I also have 16+ years of experience working with diabetes, prediabetes, PCOS, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, fitness/sports nutrition, GI disorders, and more. I individualize meal plans and programs to fit your lifestyle and preferences and get you the results you are looking for. I use tools like metabolic testing and body fat testing to gain further insights into your unique physiology to individualize your program and goals.
(516) 441-9013 View (516) 441-9013
Photo of Ariel Jay Flicker, Nutritionist/Dietitian, CPT, Pn1, BS
Ariel Jay Flicker
Nutritionist/Dietitian, CPT, Pn1, BS
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone who feels like they want a change in their lifestyle, but they are missing the important pieces of knowledge needed to execute a plan. As a Certified Personal Trainer, Weight Management Specialist, and Certified Nutrition Coach - I have the experience and credentials to build you a full wellness plan to become the healthy and balanced individual you have dreamed of becoming! I myself used to struggle with weight and truly know what this experience is like. I am here to be your cheerleader and coach, your accountability buddy, whatever YOU need to succeed!
My ideal client is someone who feels like they want a change in their lifestyle, but they are missing the important pieces of knowledge needed to execute a plan. As a Certified Personal Trainer, Weight Management Specialist, and Certified Nutrition Coach - I have the experience and credentials to build you a full wellness plan to become the healthy and balanced individual you have dreamed of becoming! I myself used to struggle with weight and truly know what this experience is like. I am here to be your cheerleader and coach, your accountability buddy, whatever YOU need to succeed!
(458) 236-5886 View (458) 236-5886
Female Nutritionists and Dietitians
How can I find a nutritionist or dietitian who specializes in a medical condition like diabetes, IBS, or heart disease?
On HealthProfs.com, you can search by location and use filters for specific issues or specialties. Each professional’s profile lists the conditions they treat, their credentials (such as RD or RDN), and their approach to care, helping you identify someone with relevant experience before booking an appointment.

How can I tell if a nutritionist or dietitian offers virtual sessions or accepts my insurance?
HealthProfs.com allows you to filter for providers who offer online appointments. Individual profiles also outline practical details such as telehealth availability, fees, and insurance information, so you can choose a professional who fits both your health needs and your logistical preferences.