Cupping Acupuncturists in Suffolk County, MA

Photo of Nicole Brown, Acupuncturist, LAc
Nicole Brown
Acupuncturist, LAc
West Roxbury, MA 02132
Are you struggling from a health problem that does not seem to be responding to conventional treatment? Are you looking for an effective, holistic, and more natural approach to treating your health problems? At Inner Sage Boston Acupuncture & Wellness, LLC, healing goes beyond symptom relief. I strive to provide full body, mental and spiritual wellness. The aim is to not only relieve your symptoms, but to get to the root of the problem so that your symptoms don't return. Working together, you will feel more connected to your body and empowered to take control of your health.
Are you struggling from a health problem that does not seem to be responding to conventional treatment? Are you looking for an effective, holistic, and more natural approach to treating your health problems? At Inner Sage Boston Acupuncture & Wellness, LLC, healing goes beyond symptom relief. I strive to provide full body, mental and spiritual wellness. The aim is to not only relieve your symptoms, but to get to the root of the problem so that your symptoms don't return. Working together, you will feel more connected to your body and empowered to take control of your health.
(617) 934-2671 View (617) 934-2671
Photo of Yi Luo - Eastway Wellness Boston Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, LAc, NCCAOM, LicAc
Eastway Wellness Boston Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, LAc, NCCAOM, LicAc
Boston, MA 02116
Treatments may include Acupuncture, Acupressure, Cupping, Nutrition advice, Dietary Soup, Infrared lighting, Herbal SoupTea, Magnetic patch, Acutonic, Oriental Herbal Medicine, Tuina, Trigenic, Tai Chi, Moxabustion, Deep Tissue Lymphatic Drainage and much more.
I have over 20 years of experience in clinical practice of acupuncture/herbal medicine/nutrition in China, Canada & USA. I treat many patients with problems, but are not exclusive to, of infertility, cancer recovery, autism, women health, pain care, anxiety issues, neurological/psychological issues such as Parkinson's Disease and other various medical conditions. Some of my patients are health care professionals who practice at the renowned Massachusetts General, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Children Hospital of Boston, Boston Medical Center... I specialize in Infertility, Cancer recovery, Autism, Women's Health, Pain Relief...
Treatments may include Acupuncture, Acupressure, Cupping, Nutrition advice, Dietary Soup, Infrared lighting, Herbal SoupTea, Magnetic patch, Acutonic, Oriental Herbal Medicine, Tuina, Trigenic, Tai Chi, Moxabustion, Deep Tissue Lymphatic Drainage and much more.
I have over 20 years of experience in clinical practice of acupuncture/herbal medicine/nutrition in China, Canada & USA. I treat many patients with problems, but are not exclusive to, of infertility, cancer recovery, autism, women health, pain care, anxiety issues, neurological/psychological issues such as Parkinson's Disease and other various medical conditions. Some of my patients are health care professionals who practice at the renowned Massachusetts General, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Children Hospital of Boston, Boston Medical Center... I specialize in Infertility, Cancer recovery, Autism, Women's Health, Pain Relief...
(857) 233-2575 View (857) 233-2575
Photo of Kunzhong Zhang - Boston Acupuncture Center, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc, DiplAc, MAOM, NCCAOM
Boston Acupuncture Center
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc, DiplAc, MAOM, NCCAOM
Boston, MA 02114
We provide the highest quality of Chinese medicine to empower patients; to operate a holistic traditional Chinese medical therapies such as Acupuncture, Electro-acupuncture, Moxibustion, Cupping, Guasha, Massage, etc
Dr. K.Zhang holds a PhD degree from Fujian Medical University and a Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAOM) in Chinese acupuncture from New England School of Acupuncture (NESA), MCPHS and the pain program from Tufts University School of Medicine. Before coming to US, Dr. Zhang had practiced in China for years. He is a national Diplomate of Oriental Medicine, certified by NCCAOM, and is licensed by the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine to practice acupuncture in the state. He is also a research scientist in Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM).
We provide the highest quality of Chinese medicine to empower patients; to operate a holistic traditional Chinese medical therapies such as Acupuncture, Electro-acupuncture, Moxibustion, Cupping, Guasha, Massage, etc
Dr. K.Zhang holds a PhD degree from Fujian Medical University and a Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (MAOM) in Chinese acupuncture from New England School of Acupuncture (NESA), MCPHS and the pain program from Tufts University School of Medicine. Before coming to US, Dr. Zhang had practiced in China for years. He is a national Diplomate of Oriental Medicine, certified by NCCAOM, and is licensed by the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine to practice acupuncture in the state. He is also a research scientist in Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM).
(617) 819-8929 View (617) 819-8929
Photo of Yi Luo - Eastway Wellness Norwood Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, LAc, NCCAOM, Dipl
Eastway Wellness Norwood Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, LAc, NCCAOM, Dipl
Boston, MA 02116
Treatments may include Acupuncture, Acupressure, Cupping, Nutrition advice, Dietary Soup, Infrared lighting, Herbal SoupTea, Magnetic patch, Acutonic, Oriental Herbal Medicine, Tuina, Trigenic, Tai Chi, Moxabustion, Deep Tissue Lymphatic Drainage and much more.
I have over 20 years of experience in clinical practice of acupuncture/herbal medicine/nutrition in China, Canada & USA. I treat many patients with problems, but are not exclusive to, of infertility, cancer recovery, autism, women health, pain care, anxiety issues, neurological/psychological issues such as Parkinson's Disease and other various medical conditions. Some of my patients are health care professionals who practice at the renowned Massachusetts Hospitals, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Children Hospital of Boston, Boston Medical Center... I specialize in Infertility, Cancer recovery, Autism, Women's Health, Pain Relief...
Treatments may include Acupuncture, Acupressure, Cupping, Nutrition advice, Dietary Soup, Infrared lighting, Herbal SoupTea, Magnetic patch, Acutonic, Oriental Herbal Medicine, Tuina, Trigenic, Tai Chi, Moxabustion, Deep Tissue Lymphatic Drainage and much more.
I have over 20 years of experience in clinical practice of acupuncture/herbal medicine/nutrition in China, Canada & USA. I treat many patients with problems, but are not exclusive to, of infertility, cancer recovery, autism, women health, pain care, anxiety issues, neurological/psychological issues such as Parkinson's Disease and other various medical conditions. Some of my patients are health care professionals who practice at the renowned Massachusetts Hospitals, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Children Hospital of Boston, Boston Medical Center... I specialize in Infertility, Cancer recovery, Autism, Women's Health, Pain Relief...
(339) 216-4737 View (339) 216-4737
Photo of Margaret Ryding, Acupuncturist, LicAc, MAc
Margaret Ryding
Acupuncturist, LicAc, MAc
Serves Area
"Five Element acupuncture is the foundation and backbone of my practice. This is an elegant and beautiful system of medicine that helps people heal and maintain balance at a deep level. Each person has an innate healing ability. By listening and gathering information about a person's life I can help to stimulate their own healing potential and guide them towards balance and health. I also encourage lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. In addition to Five Element acupuncture I incorporate Dr Tan's Balance Method and Zero Balancing, a type of bodywork, which balances body energy and structure through touch.
"Five Element acupuncture is the foundation and backbone of my practice. This is an elegant and beautiful system of medicine that helps people heal and maintain balance at a deep level. Each person has an innate healing ability. By listening and gathering information about a person's life I can help to stimulate their own healing potential and guide them towards balance and health. I also encourage lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. In addition to Five Element acupuncture I incorporate Dr Tan's Balance Method and Zero Balancing, a type of bodywork, which balances body energy and structure through touch.
(781) 333-8954 View (781) 333-8954
Photo of Robert B. Gracey - Gracey Holistic Health, Acupuncturist, MAc, DiplAc, LAc
Gracey Holistic Health
Acupuncturist, MAc, DiplAc, LAc
Serves Area
Robert has expertise in both traditional acupuncture and Japanese non-insertive styles. Non-insertive styles are especially gentle methods that re-balance the body without breaking the skin. Appropriate for all patients, non-insertive techniques are particularly effective for children and older patients, those weakened by chronic conditions, and of course a wonderful option for patients uncomfortable with needles.
Robert has expertise in both traditional acupuncture and Japanese non-insertive styles. Non-insertive styles are especially gentle methods that re-balance the body without breaking the skin. Appropriate for all patients, non-insertive techniques are particularly effective for children and older patients, those weakened by chronic conditions, and of course a wonderful option for patients uncomfortable with needles.
(617) 997-0046 View (617) 997-0046
Photo of Wendy Root, Acupuncturist, LAc
Wendy Root
Acupuncturist, LAc
Serves Area
I combine Acupuncture, Chinese Herbs, Shiatsu, Massage, Cranio-Sacral Therapy, Nutrition, Energy Work, Shamanic Healing and Breath Work, creating a unique, synergistically enhanced healing experience. I am both deeply intuitive and scientifically rational; my work moves seamlessly between modalities allowing each to enhance the healing power of the other. The integration of deep structural massage, subtle energy work, and transformative breath and spirit work leaves one feeling deeply satisfied and vital.
I combine Acupuncture, Chinese Herbs, Shiatsu, Massage, Cranio-Sacral Therapy, Nutrition, Energy Work, Shamanic Healing and Breath Work, creating a unique, synergistically enhanced healing experience. I am both deeply intuitive and scientifically rational; my work moves seamlessly between modalities allowing each to enhance the healing power of the other. The integration of deep structural massage, subtle energy work, and transformative breath and spirit work leaves one feeling deeply satisfied and vital.
(617) 297-8968 View (617) 297-8968
Photo of Yu-Wei (Michelle) She, Acupuncturist, Lic Ac, MAOM
Yu-Wei (Michelle) She
Acupuncturist, Lic Ac, MAOM
Serves Area
Michelle was a licensed Occupational therapist(OT) in Taiwan, where she provided occupational therapy services for a 50-bed, specialized chronic-care hospital, Taipei Guandu Hospital, assessed patients' rehabilitative needs, jointly developed patient care plans and treatment goals, and conducted occupational-prescribed OT programs for medically complex patients including those who have had strokes, spinal cord injuries, hand injuries (fracture, soft tissue such as Tennis Elbows, to nerve neuropathies such as Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome).
Michelle was a licensed Occupational therapist(OT) in Taiwan, where she provided occupational therapy services for a 50-bed, specialized chronic-care hospital, Taipei Guandu Hospital, assessed patients' rehabilitative needs, jointly developed patient care plans and treatment goals, and conducted occupational-prescribed OT programs for medically complex patients including those who have had strokes, spinal cord injuries, hand injuries (fracture, soft tissue such as Tennis Elbows, to nerve neuropathies such as Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/ Carpal Tunnel Syndrome).
(978) 591-5768 View (978) 591-5768
Photo of Loocie Brown, Acupuncturist, DAc, MEd, MAc, LAc
Loocie Brown
Acupuncturist, DAc, MEd, MAc, LAc
Serves Area
Treatment styles include needles, laser, cupping, and non-insertive methods as required.
My main focus is on orthopedic acupuncture however clients often come in with a wide range of other concerns in addition. Successful treatment of allergies, asthma, migraines and insomnia along with stress and anxiety are commonly seen.
Treatment styles include needles, laser, cupping, and non-insertive methods as required.
My main focus is on orthopedic acupuncture however clients often come in with a wide range of other concerns in addition. Successful treatment of allergies, asthma, migraines and insomnia along with stress and anxiety are commonly seen.
(781) 860-9449 View (781) 860-9449
Photo of Li Zheng - Boston Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Boston Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Serves Area
I am an acupuncturist trained in China with over 30 years of clinical experience. I have written 5 books: Acupuncture & Hormone Balance, Chinese Acupuncture and Herbs for Common Diseases, Acupuncture and Infertility and ED and Prostate Problems. I help patient to find the root cause of each healthy condition and correct it with acupuncture and Chinese herbs. I accumulated a lot of experience in treating acid reflux, acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, facial wrinkles, arthritis, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, depression, diabetes, tinnitus, eczema, and erectile dysfunction.
I am an acupuncturist trained in China with over 30 years of clinical experience. I have written 5 books: Acupuncture & Hormone Balance, Chinese Acupuncture and Herbs for Common Diseases, Acupuncture and Infertility and ED and Prostate Problems. I help patient to find the root cause of each healthy condition and correct it with acupuncture and Chinese herbs. I accumulated a lot of experience in treating acid reflux, acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, facial wrinkles, arthritis, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, depression, diabetes, tinnitus, eczema, and erectile dysfunction.
(339) 777-6040 View (339) 777-6040
Photo of Matthew E Berg - Matthew Berg Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, MS, DiplOM, LAc
Matthew Berg Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, MS, DiplOM, LAc
Serves Area
At Matthew Berg Acupuncture in Great Barrington, we offer Chinese Medicine which consists of Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Therapy, Moxibustion, Cupping, Gua Sha, and Asian Bodywork modalities.
Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine has stood the test of time and continues to thrive throughout the evolution of disease in our ever-advancing technological societies. It demonstrates the inherent ability of humanity to heal ourselves, our neighbors, our world.
At Matthew Berg Acupuncture in Great Barrington, we offer Chinese Medicine which consists of Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Therapy, Moxibustion, Cupping, Gua Sha, and Asian Bodywork modalities.
Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine has stood the test of time and continues to thrive throughout the evolution of disease in our ever-advancing technological societies. It demonstrates the inherent ability of humanity to heal ourselves, our neighbors, our world.
(413) 342-1934 View (413) 342-1934
Photo of Changhong Zhou - Back Pain Boston Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, PhD
Back Pain Boston Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The unique combination of my experiences shaped my philosophy of my career: as a disciple of the royal branch of traditional Chinese medicine, I shall be humble and respectful to all my patients; as an educator I shall be warm-hearted and honest; as a scientist, I shall be open-minded and always keep my knowledge abreast with the most advanced understanding in life sciences. I have a lot of experience in treating acid reflux, Acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, facial wrinkles, arthritis, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, Depression, Diabetes, tinnitus, Eczema, and erectile dysfunction.
The unique combination of my experiences shaped my philosophy of my career: as a disciple of the royal branch of traditional Chinese medicine, I shall be humble and respectful to all my patients; as an educator I shall be warm-hearted and honest; as a scientist, I shall be open-minded and always keep my knowledge abreast with the most advanced understanding in life sciences. I have a lot of experience in treating acid reflux, Acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, facial wrinkles, arthritis, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, Depression, Diabetes, tinnitus, Eczema, and erectile dysfunction.
(781) 451-1573 View (781) 451-1573
Photo of Sharon Bacigalupi - Turning Leaf Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, MPH, MAOM, DiplOM, LAc
Turning Leaf Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, MPH, MAOM, DiplOM, LAc
Serves Area
As a Licensed Acupuncturist and Herbalist, Traditional Chinese Medicine allows me the flexibility to treat each patient as an individual, creating treatment plans that are specific to their physical and emotional well-being. It is my goal to work collaboratively with each of my patients to help them achieve and maintain their health and wellness goals.
As a Licensed Acupuncturist and Herbalist, Traditional Chinese Medicine allows me the flexibility to treat each patient as an individual, creating treatment plans that are specific to their physical and emotional well-being. It is my goal to work collaboratively with each of my patients to help them achieve and maintain their health and wellness goals.
(617) 765-0236 View (617) 765-0236
Photo of Li Zheng - Boston and Boca Infertility Acupuncture, Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
Boston and Boca Infertility Acupuncture
Acupuncturist, PhD, LAc
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Have 30 years of clinic experiences in Chinese and Western Medicine. Have been practicing in Boston and Boca Raton since 2000. Graduate of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, the most prestigious institution of traditional Chinese medicine in China. I use customized acupuncture points and herbal formula to address the root cause of acid reflux, acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, back pain, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, depression, diabetes, tinnitus, eczema, and erectile dysfunction. Patient can recover much faster combing acupuncture and herbs.
Have 30 years of clinic experiences in Chinese and Western Medicine. Have been practicing in Boston and Boca Raton since 2000. Graduate of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, the most prestigious institution of traditional Chinese medicine in China. I use customized acupuncture points and herbal formula to address the root cause of acid reflux, acne, AF, allergies, anxiety, excessive sweating, back pain, asthma, back pain, bursitis, COPD, colitis, cystitis, depression, diabetes, tinnitus, eczema, and erectile dysfunction. Patient can recover much faster combing acupuncture and herbs.
(781) 797-0755 View (781) 797-0755
Photo of Kathy J Seltzer, Acupuncturist, LAc
Kathy J Seltzer
Acupuncturist, LAc
Serves Area
I am a licensed acupuncturist with over 32 years of experience in private practice. I am dedicated to bringing acupuncture and Oriental Medicine to as many people as possible. My patients are of all ages - from elementary school children to wise elders. My practice falls into 3 categories - family care, pregnancy care and senior care. I have specialized in fertility, pregnancy, and labor & delivery and postpartum care for over 16 years and have helped many women get pregnant, stay pregnant, and have healthy pregnancies, deliveries, and post-partum. I often work in conjunction with doulas, midwives, and childbirth educators.
I am a licensed acupuncturist with over 32 years of experience in private practice. I am dedicated to bringing acupuncture and Oriental Medicine to as many people as possible. My patients are of all ages - from elementary school children to wise elders. My practice falls into 3 categories - family care, pregnancy care and senior care. I have specialized in fertility, pregnancy, and labor & delivery and postpartum care for over 16 years and have helped many women get pregnant, stay pregnant, and have healthy pregnancies, deliveries, and post-partum. I often work in conjunction with doulas, midwives, and childbirth educators.
(617) 606-7464 View (617) 606-7464

Online Acupuncturists

Photo of Kuan Chen, Acupuncturist, LAc, DAIH
Kuan Chen
Acupuncturist, LAc, DAIH
3 Endorsed
North Reading, MA 01864
At Tai Chi Acupuncture & Wellness Center our goal is to create healthier and happier people by providing quality care and alternative healing therapies to those in need. While there will always be a place for Western Medicine, we take a different approach to health and wellness. Our programs, classes and treatments focus on bringing balance to mind, body, and spirit. Our bodies are amazing vehicles, and we are just beginning to understand their full capacities. Our intention is to teach others that the path to a happy and healthy life lies within each and every one of us.
At Tai Chi Acupuncture & Wellness Center our goal is to create healthier and happier people by providing quality care and alternative healing therapies to those in need. While there will always be a place for Western Medicine, we take a different approach to health and wellness. Our programs, classes and treatments focus on bringing balance to mind, body, and spirit. Our bodies are amazing vehicles, and we are just beginning to understand their full capacities. Our intention is to teach others that the path to a happy and healthy life lies within each and every one of us.
(978) 518-3329 View (978) 518-3329
Photo of Lalou Begue, Acupuncturist, LicAc, MAOM
Lalou Begue
Acupuncturist, LicAc, MAOM
2 Endorsed
Danvers, MA 01923
I became interested in natural healing techniques a long time ago. Considering the potential side effects of medicines commonly prescribed, I thought it worthwhile to study alternative methods of healing. Initially, I trained in Shiatsu and Massage Therapy, I graduated from the New England School of Acupuncture in 1984. My post-graduate studies involved extensive training in Chinese Herbal Medicine.
I became interested in natural healing techniques a long time ago. Considering the potential side effects of medicines commonly prescribed, I thought it worthwhile to study alternative methods of healing. Initially, I trained in Shiatsu and Massage Therapy, I graduated from the New England School of Acupuncture in 1984. My post-graduate studies involved extensive training in Chinese Herbal Medicine.
(978) 716-2235 View (978) 716-2235
Photo of Laurie Ghiz, Acupuncturist, LMHC, LicAc
Laurie Ghiz
Acupuncturist, LMHC, LicAc
West Boylston, MA 01583
Through acupuncture along with being a psychotherapist has helped me to empathize with and understand the needs of my patients on a deeper level because of my own healing journey. I understand what it is like to not be listened to, taken seriously, or be told my problems were psychological when my body didn't improve as expected. Acupuncture, supplements and healing foods helped me dramatically improve my health. Anxiety, migraines, back/body pain can be alleviated through acupuncture where the body is strengthened over time and symptoms weakened. How would you like to treat the underlying cause of the problems you are facing?
Through acupuncture along with being a psychotherapist has helped me to empathize with and understand the needs of my patients on a deeper level because of my own healing journey. I understand what it is like to not be listened to, taken seriously, or be told my problems were psychological when my body didn't improve as expected. Acupuncture, supplements and healing foods helped me dramatically improve my health. Anxiety, migraines, back/body pain can be alleviated through acupuncture where the body is strengthened over time and symptoms weakened. How would you like to treat the underlying cause of the problems you are facing?
(508) 718-2108 View (508) 718-2108
Photo of Irina Cooper, Acupuncturist, LAc, DiplAc, LicH, MBA
Irina Cooper
Acupuncturist, LAc, DiplAc, LicH, MBA
Framingham, MA 01701
I use the combination of extensive knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine and a deep passion for healing to help my patients feel and look their best without the harsh effects and risks of the Western methods. I use various techniques and protocols to bring the patients to their optimal state of health and help them continue feeling and looking great
I use the combination of extensive knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine and a deep passion for healing to help my patients feel and look their best without the harsh effects and risks of the Western methods. I use various techniques and protocols to bring the patients to their optimal state of health and help them continue feeling and looking great
(617) 606-7744 View (617) 606-7744
Photo of Anthony Phillips, Acupuncturist, LAc
Anthony Phillips
Acupuncturist, LAc
Danvers, MA 01923
I am in my 25th year as a licensed Acupuncturist. I see many patients with pain and orthopedic related problems as well as chronic and debilitating illnesses such as cancer, MS, irritable bowel, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and mental health issues. I am also on staff at the MGH Cancer Center. While I do not treat cancer directly, I work to help with immune support and stress reduction, to support the whole person in body and mind as they go through cancer treatment. In addition to acupuncture, I work with my hands sometimes using Tuina chinese massage or Specialized Stretching (AIS).
I am in my 25th year as a licensed Acupuncturist. I see many patients with pain and orthopedic related problems as well as chronic and debilitating illnesses such as cancer, MS, irritable bowel, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, arthritis, and mental health issues. I am also on staff at the MGH Cancer Center. While I do not treat cancer directly, I work to help with immune support and stress reduction, to support the whole person in body and mind as they go through cancer treatment. In addition to acupuncture, I work with my hands sometimes using Tuina chinese massage or Specialized Stretching (AIS).
(978) 631-1475 View (978) 631-1475
Cupping Acupuncturists
Cupping is an ancient practice that helps alleviate pain and soreness. A rounded glass cup is placed on the skin, and pressure is created within the cup.

If you're looking for help with cupping in Suffolk County, MA or for a Suffolk County, MA cupping acupuncturist these professionals provide cupping acupuncture. They include cupping therapy Suffolk County, MA professionals, cupping acupuncture Suffolk County, MA and cupping acupuncturists, as well as cupping for back pain, cupping for weight loss, and other pain relief cupping acupuncturist solutions.