Cancer/Oncology Nutritionists and Dietitians in Queens County, NY

Photo of Silvia Carolina Ross - SRoss Nutrition PLLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
SRoss Nutrition PLLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Woodside, NY 11377
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/breastfeeding/pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client!
I am the Founder and CEO of SRoss Nutrition PLLC and work as a public speaker, consultant, and personal trainer while studying Naturopathy medicine. I am the author of The Holistic Approach of Weight and Substanability, silviaross.co. I have successful stories in weight loss, pre-DM/DM2, cancer, and other conditions that no longer require medications.
If you are struggling with weight gain, gut issues (constipation/diarrhea), malnutrition, infertility/breastfeeding/pregnancy issues, and suffer from chronic diseases such as CVDs, renal diseases, cirrhosis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, wound healing problems, or have trouble coping with stress, and if you are seeking a health coach or personal trainer and desire to make lifestyle changes, you are my ideal client!
I am the Founder and CEO of SRoss Nutrition PLLC and work as a public speaker, consultant, and personal trainer while studying Naturopathy medicine. I am the author of The Holistic Approach of Weight and Substanability, silviaross.co. I have successful stories in weight loss, pre-DM/DM2, cancer, and other conditions that no longer require medications.
(914) 415-6489 View (914) 415-6489
Photo of Foluke Toba - Harmony Diet and Nutrition Concept, P.C, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Harmony Diet and Nutrition Concept, P.C
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
2 Endorsed
East Elmhurst, NY 11370
Specialization is in the prevention and management of nutritionally related diseases such as diabetes, cholesterol, BP, cancer, heart and gastrointestinal health.
I have more than 20 years of experience working in different capacities at various hospitals, nursing homes, adult care centers and school nutrition programs, each with its own diverse population. I have witnessed how prompt and effective nutrition intervention can significantly help in disease prevention, as well as aid in improving or maintaining health.
Specialization is in the prevention and management of nutritionally related diseases such as diabetes, cholesterol, BP, cancer, heart and gastrointestinal health.
I have more than 20 years of experience working in different capacities at various hospitals, nursing homes, adult care centers and school nutrition programs, each with its own diverse population. I have witnessed how prompt and effective nutrition intervention can significantly help in disease prevention, as well as aid in improving or maintaining health.
(718) 285-8526 View (718) 285-8526
Photo of Lana Zinger, Nutritionist/Dietitian, EdD, RD, CHES
Lana Zinger
Nutritionist/Dietitian, EdD, RD, CHES
Whitestone, NY 11357
She is a Registered Dietitian with many years of clinical experience including obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, eating disorders.
Dr. Zinger offers a complete prescription for optimal health. She treats clients from the latest nutrition and exercise science. Safety and long term results vs. dangerous diets and weight cycling! She has been successful in treating clients through a holistic approach without medicine or diet deprivation.
She is a Registered Dietitian with many years of clinical experience including obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, eating disorders.
Dr. Zinger offers a complete prescription for optimal health. She treats clients from the latest nutrition and exercise science. Safety and long term results vs. dangerous diets and weight cycling! She has been successful in treating clients through a holistic approach without medicine or diet deprivation.
(646) 362-7135 View (646) 362-7135
Photo of Kelly Bay, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN, CNS, DC
Kelly Bay
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LDN, CNS, DC
Online Only
My ideal clients are individuals experiencing complex, chronic health concerns such as gut issues, hormone imbalance, autoimmune conditions, thyroid dysfunction, food sensitivities, and low energy or poor sleep. They often feel frustrated by vague symptoms or inconclusive conventional testing and want deeper answers. I use a functional, whole-body approach with in-depth assessment and diagnostic testing to identify root causes. Together, we use personalized nutrition, lifestyle strategies, and education to improve symptoms and restore confidence in their health.
My ideal clients are individuals experiencing complex, chronic health concerns such as gut issues, hormone imbalance, autoimmune conditions, thyroid dysfunction, food sensitivities, and low energy or poor sleep. They often feel frustrated by vague symptoms or inconclusive conventional testing and want deeper answers. I use a functional, whole-body approach with in-depth assessment and diagnostic testing to identify root causes. Together, we use personalized nutrition, lifestyle strategies, and education to improve symptoms and restore confidence in their health.
(708) 938-3273 View (708) 938-3273
Photo of Asal Hakim - Pro Nutrition Counseling PLLC- Asal Hakim RD CDN, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN, CPT
Pro Nutrition Counseling PLLC- Asal Hakim RD CDN
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN, CPT
Serves Area
, is a known health practice that provides nutritional counseling and approaches weight loss & healthy weight weight management in the setting of pre/post bariatric surgery, diabetes, eating disorders, oncology, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, gastrointestinal issues and other nutrition related diseases through patient-centered medical nutrition therapy & nutrition counseling.
Asal Hakim is a Registered Dietitian, Certified Dietitian Nutritionist, and CPT. Graduated Cum Laude from Queens College, The City University of New York. Practicing since 2013, Asal Hakim provides medical nutrition therapy and nutritional counseling for individuals with nutrition related health issues. Past work experience from hospital and rehab center.
, is a known health practice that provides nutritional counseling and approaches weight loss & healthy weight weight management in the setting of pre/post bariatric surgery, diabetes, eating disorders, oncology, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, gastrointestinal issues and other nutrition related diseases through patient-centered medical nutrition therapy & nutrition counseling.
Asal Hakim is a Registered Dietitian, Certified Dietitian Nutritionist, and CPT. Graduated Cum Laude from Queens College, The City University of New York. Practicing since 2013, Asal Hakim provides medical nutrition therapy and nutritional counseling for individuals with nutrition related health issues. Past work experience from hospital and rehab center.
(516) 407-7475 View (516) 407-7475
Photo of Lauren Minchen, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDN
Lauren Minchen
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDN
Serves Area
Lauren is committed to offering you nutritional guidance and meal support on your journey to optimal wellness. She will work with you to develop a personalized nutrition and menu plan that addresses your needs and works with your lifestyle. Lauren's nutrition counseling sessions include analysis of current meal patterns, lifestyle factors, medical diagnoses, medication regimen, food allergies and preferences, and your personal wellness goals. And her culinary services make achieving your health goals even easier. If you want to begin taking the right steps to achieve optimal health, contact Lauren to discuss what works for you.
Lauren is committed to offering you nutritional guidance and meal support on your journey to optimal wellness. She will work with you to develop a personalized nutrition and menu plan that addresses your needs and works with your lifestyle. Lauren's nutrition counseling sessions include analysis of current meal patterns, lifestyle factors, medical diagnoses, medication regimen, food allergies and preferences, and your personal wellness goals. And her culinary services make achieving your health goals even easier. If you want to begin taking the right steps to achieve optimal health, contact Lauren to discuss what works for you.
(646) 863-5398 View (646) 863-5398
Photo of Stephanie Bostic, Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN
Stephanie Bostic
Nutritionist/Dietitian, PhD, RDN, CDN
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Stephanie’s practice centers around evidence-based nutrition support for complex physical and mental health conditions provided in a safe, welcoming and supportive environment. She combines >10 years of academic experience in nutrition–including a PhD from Cornell + research at Harvard and Tufts–with her personal passion for providing practical support to diverse patient populations. Specialties include mental health, eating disorders / disordered eating, GI and digestive diseases, food preferences and allergies including Celiac, weight neutral care, liver health, POTS, and RED-S, and other chronic health conditions.
Stephanie’s practice centers around evidence-based nutrition support for complex physical and mental health conditions provided in a safe, welcoming and supportive environment. She combines >10 years of academic experience in nutrition–including a PhD from Cornell + research at Harvard and Tufts–with her personal passion for providing practical support to diverse patient populations. Specialties include mental health, eating disorders / disordered eating, GI and digestive diseases, food preferences and allergies including Celiac, weight neutral care, liver health, POTS, and RED-S, and other chronic health conditions.
(607) 524-5588 View (607) 524-5588
Mahtab Soleimanzadeh Rd Cdn Cpt
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN, CPT
Serves Area
WE HAVE HELPED MANY PATIENTS REVERSE CHRONIC CONDITIONS LIKE DIABETES, HIGH CHOLESTEROL, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, OBESITY, GAS AND BLOATING, ACID REFLUX AND GET OFF MEDICATIONS.
WE HAVE HELPED MANY PATIENTS REVERSE CHRONIC CONDITIONS LIKE DIABETES, HIGH CHOLESTEROL, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, OBESITY, GAS AND BLOATING, ACID REFLUX AND GET OFF MEDICATIONS.
(516) 346-5986 View (516) 346-5986

Online Dietitians and Nutritionists

Photo of Barbara Ann Grova, Nutritionist/Dietitian, INHC, AADP
Barbara Ann Grova
Nutritionist/Dietitian, INHC, AADP
East Setauket, NY 11733
I am a 9 year Breast Cancer survivor, treating my stage 2 holistically.
I offer support that addresses the whole person body, mind and spirit. My ability to combine science with empathy allows me to empower clients to take control of their health in a gentle, nonjudgmental way, building trust and encouraging long-term change. My approach is personalized, holistic and infused with genuine love and care.
I am a 9 year Breast Cancer survivor, treating my stage 2 holistically.
I offer support that addresses the whole person body, mind and spirit. My ability to combine science with empathy allows me to empower clients to take control of their health in a gentle, nonjudgmental way, building trust and encouraging long-term change. My approach is personalized, holistic and infused with genuine love and care.
(516) 530-7955 View (516) 530-7955
Photo of Janet Levine, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Janet Levine
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN
Online Only
With my help, you can make a lifestyle transition to live longer, be healthy, avoid chronic diseases, and eliminate the need for many medications by enjoying a plant-based diet. Healthy plant based foods can improve health issues related to heart disease (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, angina), excess weight, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome) and other chronic diseases.
With my help, you can make a lifestyle transition to live longer, be healthy, avoid chronic diseases, and eliminate the need for many medications by enjoying a plant-based diet. Healthy plant based foods can improve health issues related to heart disease (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, angina), excess weight, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome) and other chronic diseases.
(914) 326-3060 View (914) 326-3060
Photo of Jillian Mergruen, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
Jillian Mergruen
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
3 Endorsed
Online Only
If you are struggling with your relationship with food, movement or your body, we might be a good fit to work together! I am a registered dietitian based in New York City who specializes in disordered eating and eating disorder treatment as well as other nutrition-related issues, like diabetes and GI nutrition. If you often feel pre-occupied with food or your body, struggle with feeling chaotic or in control around food, or if it feels hard to feel confident in your food choices, we can do this work together! I am here to support you in finding peace with food and your body. My goal is to help you do sustainable work with support!
If you are struggling with your relationship with food, movement or your body, we might be a good fit to work together! I am a registered dietitian based in New York City who specializes in disordered eating and eating disorder treatment as well as other nutrition-related issues, like diabetes and GI nutrition. If you often feel pre-occupied with food or your body, struggle with feeling chaotic or in control around food, or if it feels hard to feel confident in your food choices, we can do this work together! I am here to support you in finding peace with food and your body. My goal is to help you do sustainable work with support!
(516) 604-3316 View (516) 604-3316
Photo of Alex Gavronsky, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, CNSC
Alex Gavronsky
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN, CNSC
4 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11217
His work focuses on patients with both chronic and acute/severe conditions, ranging from rapid weight change to cancer.
He combines deep academic knowledge gained from 8 years in the clinic with a personalized and thoughtful approach to patient care – focusing on you rather than just your health conditions. With Alex, you will receive not only expert advice backed by the latest clinical evidence, but also a partner to help you build a holistic and lifelong approach to eating.
His work focuses on patients with both chronic and acute/severe conditions, ranging from rapid weight change to cancer.
He combines deep academic knowledge gained from 8 years in the clinic with a personalized and thoughtful approach to patient care – focusing on you rather than just your health conditions. With Alex, you will receive not only expert advice backed by the latest clinical evidence, but also a partner to help you build a holistic and lifelong approach to eating.
(716) 576-3638 View (716) 576-3638
Photo of Carla Coriaty-Hulla, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CDN
Carla Coriaty-Hulla
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, CDN
1 Endorsed
Staten Island, NY 10312
Carla's mission is to provide personalized, high-quality care by integrating traditional nutrition practices with holistic & complimentary interventions.We are a full-service family nutrition practice of dedicated Dietitians who believe in working with our patients to maintain and improve their health using nutrition as medicine. We work together to serve your entire family for all of your nutritional needs in all stages of life. We believe in educating our patients to achieve the best outcome possible. Carla is board certified by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics & New York State certified.
Carla's mission is to provide personalized, high-quality care by integrating traditional nutrition practices with holistic & complimentary interventions.We are a full-service family nutrition practice of dedicated Dietitians who believe in working with our patients to maintain and improve their health using nutrition as medicine. We work together to serve your entire family for all of your nutritional needs in all stages of life. We believe in educating our patients to achieve the best outcome possible. Carla is board certified by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics & New York State certified.
(347) 690-7243 View (347) 690-7243
Photo of Rebecca Tolan Cruse, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Rebecca Tolan Cruse
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Massapequa, NY 11758
Rebecca is a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping others develop a deeper, realistic understanding of nutrition concepts. Rebecca’s counseling style is compassionate and exploratory. She feels strongly there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition, and finds most success through a collaborative approach. Rebecca practices from a weight-neutral and functional lens, always searching for the root causes of her patient’s symptoms.
Rebecca is a Registered Dietitian with a passion for helping others develop a deeper, realistic understanding of nutrition concepts. Rebecca’s counseling style is compassionate and exploratory. She feels strongly there is no one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition, and finds most success through a collaborative approach. Rebecca practices from a weight-neutral and functional lens, always searching for the root causes of her patient’s symptoms.
(914) 825-6699 View (914) 825-6699
Photo of Madeline Rose Alfiero, Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, RD, MS, RYT-275
Madeline Rose Alfiero
Nutritionist/Dietitian, LDN, RD, MS, RYT-275
Online Only
Hi, Im Maddie! I am a Registered Dietitian, a Certified Confidence Coach and Mindfulness Nutritionist as well as a Yoga and Pilates instructor. Health and wellness is not just something that I preach but, it's what I practice on a daily basis. I offer single coaching sessions covered by insurance or purchased through private pay. Whichever you choose, you’ll get expert advice and completely customized support! My mission is to help you feel strong, healthy, sexy and confident so you can live your most fun and fearless life!
Hi, Im Maddie! I am a Registered Dietitian, a Certified Confidence Coach and Mindfulness Nutritionist as well as a Yoga and Pilates instructor. Health and wellness is not just something that I preach but, it's what I practice on a daily basis. I offer single coaching sessions covered by insurance or purchased through private pay. Whichever you choose, you’ll get expert advice and completely customized support! My mission is to help you feel strong, healthy, sexy and confident so you can live your most fun and fearless life!
(561) 823-5081 View (561) 823-5081
Photo of Alexandra (Lexi) Orlan, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
Alexandra (Lexi) Orlan
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! I'm a Columbia University-trained Registered Dietitian. I specialize in gentle weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health. When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
Nearly 95 percent of my insurance clients pay $0 out of pocket for their sessions! I'm a Columbia University-trained Registered Dietitian. I specialize in gentle weight loss, gut health and digestion, diabetes, gestational diabetes, pregnancy nutrition, bariatric nutrition, and heart health. When we work together I'll give you the tools needed to feel confident in your food choices and in control around food. I'll guide you through creating a plan that works for YOU, based on your body's needs, lifestyle, and food preferences.
(732) 379-1434 View (732) 379-1434
Photo of Robin Decicco, Nutritionist/Dietitian, CHHC
Robin Decicco
Nutritionist/Dietitian, CHHC
Online Only
I create meal and lifestyle plans to reduce symptoms of inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, forms of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
As a result, clients learn to become proactive about health by learning to approach food with a different mindset - - one that does not acknowledge fad diets, but one that understands the food choices we make shape the rest of our lives.The benefits:
I create meal and lifestyle plans to reduce symptoms of inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, forms of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
As a result, clients learn to become proactive about health by learning to approach food with a different mindset - - one that does not acknowledge fad diets, but one that understands the food choices we make shape the rest of our lives.The benefits:
(201) 289-5984 View (201) 289-5984
Photo of Irina Lehat - Irina Belfer-LehatRD Nutrition Solutions PC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
Irina Belfer-LehatRD Nutrition Solutions PC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD, CDN
Online Only
Irina Belfer-Lehat RD., CDN founded the Nutrition Solutions firm on the premises that through education, young and old alike are empowered to make healthy choices for themselves and their families. My mission is to enable my clients to optimize their health through nutrition education. I will get my client through clutter and confusion to achieve a clear and scientific pathway to a better and healthier lifestyle.
Irina Belfer-Lehat RD., CDN founded the Nutrition Solutions firm on the premises that through education, young and old alike are empowered to make healthy choices for themselves and their families. My mission is to enable my clients to optimize their health through nutrition education. I will get my client through clutter and confusion to achieve a clear and scientific pathway to a better and healthier lifestyle.
(516) 203-4626 View (516) 203-4626
Photo of Michael Benjamin Wald, Nutritionist/Dietitian, DC, Acupunc, PhD, MS, Sports
Michael Benjamin Wald
Nutritionist/Dietitian, DC, Acupunc, PhD, MS, Sports
Chappaqua, NY 10514
When I imagine my ideal client, I picture someone motivated, intelligent, and ready for meaningful change—yet often frustrated by confusing, incomplete, or contradictory health information. They may be dealing with chronic symptoms, low energy, inflammation, digestive problems, weight issues, hormonal shifts, or simply the sense that they’re not functioning at their best. Many have already visited multiple practitioners without receiving clear answers, and they come to me looking for a comprehensive, science-based, holistic approach that finally makes sense of their health concerns. My ideal client needs a practitioner who can conne
When I imagine my ideal client, I picture someone motivated, intelligent, and ready for meaningful change—yet often frustrated by confusing, incomplete, or contradictory health information. They may be dealing with chronic symptoms, low energy, inflammation, digestive problems, weight issues, hormonal shifts, or simply the sense that they’re not functioning at their best. Many have already visited multiple practitioners without receiving clear answers, and they come to me looking for a comprehensive, science-based, holistic approach that finally makes sense of their health concerns. My ideal client needs a practitioner who can conne
(914) 873-4416 View (914) 873-4416
Photo of Abigail Rapaport, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Abigail Rapaport
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, CDN
Online Only
I help simplify nutrition so you can eat smarter and optimize your body, mind and health. I am a realist and believe your food plan should fit your lifestyle - whether you’re managing an illness like epilepsy, trying to lose weight, lower your cholesterol, or just want feel and look your best. I get it; we are all constantly bombarded with different diets and workouts that guarantee weight loss or health cures. Most of the time, they lead to feeling overwhelmed, cyclical dieting and feeling deprived. With my help, you can learn how to put an end to your health struggles and start to look and feel your best starting today.
I help simplify nutrition so you can eat smarter and optimize your body, mind and health. I am a realist and believe your food plan should fit your lifestyle - whether you’re managing an illness like epilepsy, trying to lose weight, lower your cholesterol, or just want feel and look your best. I get it; we are all constantly bombarded with different diets and workouts that guarantee weight loss or health cures. Most of the time, they lead to feeling overwhelmed, cyclical dieting and feeling deprived. With my help, you can learn how to put an end to your health struggles and start to look and feel your best starting today.
(646) 362-3908 View (646) 362-3908
Cancer/Oncology Nutritionists and Dietitians
Why is nutrition important for cancer treatment?
Nutrition can play a key role in cancer treatment. The symptoms of cancer and its treatments—such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite—can lead to malnutrition, resulting in weight loss and potential nutrient deficiencies. This can hinder the patient's ability to combat cancer and respond effectively to treatment. Therefore, ensuring sufficient caloric intake is critical and may require specific dietary strategies to ensure high-enough caloric and protein intake. This might involve the consumption of high-calorie foods and beverages. In some cases, tube feeding may be required to ensure the patient receives sufficient calories during the cancer treatment process.

Can diet help prevent cancer?
Diet is a significant lifestyle factor that research has shown to influence the risk of certain cancers. One of the strongest links is between obesity and cancer, with about 4-8% of cancers being related to obesity. Specifically, breast, colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic, kidney, and liver cancers are most strongly associated with obesity. Thus, maintaining a healthy diet that prevents obesity can be highly effective in reducing the risk of these cancers. Other than obesity, certain foods, such as processed meats, have been linked to colorectal cancer specifically. In general, lifestyle modifications that lower the risk of other chronic diseases, such as consuming a primarily plant-based diet and getting enough exercise, are also highly effective habits in reducing the risk of developing cancer.

Can cancer be cured with proper nutrition?
While there is no evidence to suggest that nutrition alone can cure cancer, a proper diet can be a crucial component of successful treatment for certain types of cancer. For cancers linked to obesity, weight loss through a healthy diet can lead to more positive treatment outcomes. Even for cancers not related to obesity, diet can still play a significant role by influencing the effectiveness of certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy. Most experts recommend that cancer patients focus on eating enough to prevent malnutrition, as maintaining sufficient strength is vital for the body to effectively combat cancer and respond to therapies such as chemotherapy. Thus, while nutrition is not a cure, it is an important part of the cancer recovery process.

What role does a dietitian play in a cancer patient's care team?
Because diet plays a significant role in the successful treatment of cancer, either through lifestyle modification or through the prevention of malnutrition, dietitians can be a crucial member of a cancer patient's care team. Dietitians who specialize in working with cancer patients often have a deep understanding of how certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can impact a patient's ability to meet their nutritional needs. They can thus assist patients in developing nutrition strategies that help alleviate common cancer treatment symptoms like nausea and vomiting. For patients with cancers linked to obesity, dietitians can suggest lifestyle modification strategies that aid in both the treatment process and lead to lasting positive changes after treatment.