Nutritionists and Dietitians in Princeton Junction, NJ
To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art. I’m here to teach you the art. Ever wonder why people try dieting time after time, but can't find something that works for them? The issue is, they don't understand their body. I help you discover the best means to understand your body and provide it with the best personalized nourishment for enhanced well-being, increased vitality, and symptom relief. I get to know you so I can give you exactly what you need to be successful. I provide custom meal plans, grocery lists, hand-outs, recipe guides, & lab testing to get to the root cause of your health issues.
To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art. I’m here to teach you the art. Ever wonder why people try dieting time after time, but can't find something that works for them? The issue is, they don't understand their body. I help you discover the best means to understand your body and provide it with the best personalized nourishment for enhanced well-being, increased vitality, and symptom relief. I get to know you so I can give you exactly what you need to be successful. I provide custom meal plans, grocery lists, hand-outs, recipe guides, & lab testing to get to the root cause of your health issues.
More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby
Lexi Moriarty (Sports + Eating Disorder Dietitian)
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CSSD, RYT
Online Only
Lexi is currently not accepting any new clients. Lexi is a Certified Sports Dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, eating disorder recovery, and intuitive eating for athletes. Do you struggle with confusion about what to eat for your goals, sport, or training? Do you overthink food decisions, feel guilt around certain choices, and not know how to blend healthy eating with an active social life? Are your low energy levels or tendency to overthink everything you eat getting in the way of your life, happiness, and sports performance? Food and nutrition do not need to be this complicated.
Lexi is currently not accepting any new clients. Lexi is a Certified Sports Dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, eating disorder recovery, and intuitive eating for athletes. Do you struggle with confusion about what to eat for your goals, sport, or training? Do you overthink food decisions, feel guilt around certain choices, and not know how to blend healthy eating with an active social life? Are your low energy levels or tendency to overthink everything you eat getting in the way of your life, happiness, and sports performance? Food and nutrition do not need to be this complicated.
Kristen gained her experience with working with clients who have eating disorders while at the Medical Center at Princeton with the inpatient and partial programs, treating children, adolescents, and adults. Kristen provides individual nutrition therapy, family nutrition counseling sessions, as well as coordinated care with other treatment team members. Nutritional therapy is an essential part of recovery from an eating disorder.
Kristen gained her experience with working with clients who have eating disorders while at the Medical Center at Princeton with the inpatient and partial programs, treating children, adolescents, and adults. Kristen provides individual nutrition therapy, family nutrition counseling sessions, as well as coordinated care with other treatment team members. Nutritional therapy is an essential part of recovery from an eating disorder.
My counseling is one on one and is tailored to the clients lifestyle and needs. While always encouraging healthy eating and physical activity, I am very practical in my approach to helping clients integrate these behaviors with today's hectic lifestyles. Because of the increasing diagnosis of Celiac Disease, I have begun to concentrate on that condition as well as all types of gluten sensitivity. In order to help clients during COVID19 I am offering telemedicine. Please inquire for details.
My counseling is one on one and is tailored to the clients lifestyle and needs. While always encouraging healthy eating and physical activity, I am very practical in my approach to helping clients integrate these behaviors with today's hectic lifestyles. Because of the increasing diagnosis of Celiac Disease, I have begun to concentrate on that condition as well as all types of gluten sensitivity. In order to help clients during COVID19 I am offering telemedicine. Please inquire for details.
If you're a woman navigating the challenges of perimenopause, menopause, or post-menopause, you might be struggling with hormonal imbalances, body composition changes, or unexpected weight gain. You may also be facing chronic health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Your energy levels might feel depleted, and you could be searching for solutions that fit your unique needs. I understand these challenges because I specialize in addressing them through a personalized and evidence-based approach that integrates nutrition and functional medicine.
If you're a woman navigating the challenges of perimenopause, menopause, or post-menopause, you might be struggling with hormonal imbalances, body composition changes, or unexpected weight gain. You may also be facing chronic health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Your energy levels might feel depleted, and you could be searching for solutions that fit your unique needs. I understand these challenges because I specialize in addressing them through a personalized and evidence-based approach that integrates nutrition and functional medicine.
"Eat Smart, Live Well" is my motto - a really practical and fun way to help you achieve great health! I believe in holistic approach to nutrition - wholesome, natural, minimally processed foods. Not fad diets, diet pills, or quick weight-loss gimmicks. A well-balanced, nutritious diet doesn't have to be a punishment. You can eat smart AND enjoy it too. I would love to show you how! With 20+ years of experience in nutrition counseling for management of weight, diabetes, obesity, heart disease and other medical conditions, I'm dedicated to helping you achieve healthy eating and lifestyle habits.
"Eat Smart, Live Well" is my motto - a really practical and fun way to help you achieve great health! I believe in holistic approach to nutrition - wholesome, natural, minimally processed foods. Not fad diets, diet pills, or quick weight-loss gimmicks. A well-balanced, nutritious diet doesn't have to be a punishment. You can eat smart AND enjoy it too. I would love to show you how! With 20+ years of experience in nutrition counseling for management of weight, diabetes, obesity, heart disease and other medical conditions, I'm dedicated to helping you achieve healthy eating and lifestyle habits.
I believe finding the right motivation and support is the key to your success. Not only will I focus on what you eat but why you eat. Emotional eating has become a much more prevalent issue for many people. My clients will have the opportunity to explore the triggers that perpetuate these unhealthy eating habits. I have over 20 years of experience. Let me be your health coach and lead you to a permanent, healthy way of eating.
I believe finding the right motivation and support is the key to your success. Not only will I focus on what you eat but why you eat. Emotional eating has become a much more prevalent issue for many people. My clients will have the opportunity to explore the triggers that perpetuate these unhealthy eating habits. I have over 20 years of experience. Let me be your health coach and lead you to a permanent, healthy way of eating.
Elena is a Registered Diettian / Nutritionist with extensive experience of over 15 years. She holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Nutrition and Food Science from Hunter College & City University and completed a dietetic internship program at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York. She is an accredited member of the American Nutrition Academy and completed her Certificate of Training in Weight Management. My areas of expertise are: Weight management - Eating disorders - Stress management - Hormonal imbalances - Diabetes - Hypertension - Cardiovascular disease - Thyroid issues - Skin concerns - Fitnesses and Wellness.
Elena is a Registered Diettian / Nutritionist with extensive experience of over 15 years. She holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Nutrition and Food Science from Hunter College & City University and completed a dietetic internship program at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York. She is an accredited member of the American Nutrition Academy and completed her Certificate of Training in Weight Management. My areas of expertise are: Weight management - Eating disorders - Stress management - Hormonal imbalances - Diabetes - Hypertension - Cardiovascular disease - Thyroid issues - Skin concerns - Fitnesses and Wellness.
Diet and nutrition are incredibly impactful on our mental and physical well-being. Sorting through all the current diet trends swirling around in the public domain can be overwhelming and confusing. Working together, we can create lasting lifestyle changes that evolve and are personalized to your needs. If you have been imagining feeling more energetic and increasing your vitality, working together, we can make that possible!
Diet and nutrition are incredibly impactful on our mental and physical well-being. Sorting through all the current diet trends swirling around in the public domain can be overwhelming and confusing. Working together, we can create lasting lifestyle changes that evolve and are personalized to your needs. If you have been imagining feeling more energetic and increasing your vitality, working together, we can make that possible!
Do you feel like your metabolism is broken? Your hormones are out-of-whack? Your belly constantly bloated or you have irregular bathroom trips? Is your energy non-existent? Are you lost on what your body needs? I get it. I'm a Registered Dietitian, Functional Nutritionist, in practice for >15 years. I will meet you where you are at and help you create a plan that works for YOUR body. We can dig in deep with functional labs like stool, hormone, cortisol and food sensitivity panels, mycotoxin, heavy metal and in-depth nutrient testing, so we address the root-cause of your health concerns and get you feeling like yourself again.
Do you feel like your metabolism is broken? Your hormones are out-of-whack? Your belly constantly bloated or you have irregular bathroom trips? Is your energy non-existent? Are you lost on what your body needs? I get it. I'm a Registered Dietitian, Functional Nutritionist, in practice for >15 years. I will meet you where you are at and help you create a plan that works for YOUR body. We can dig in deep with functional labs like stool, hormone, cortisol and food sensitivity panels, mycotoxin, heavy metal and in-depth nutrient testing, so we address the root-cause of your health concerns and get you feeling like yourself again.
The Well Nourished Life Vision is to empower women and families to cultivate and sustain Life Balance by Nourishing the Body, Mind and Spirit. We believe in a Whole Person approach to health and well-being. We will identify your health concerns such as weight, blood sugar, hormones, stress, heart, gut and brain health, and then explore the healing power of food to re-balance your body. Together, we will co-create a wellness plan with nutrition & lifestyle strategies to achieve your goals. We will identify personal lifestyle barriers that are holding you back, then deconstruct them to reveal your best self.
The Well Nourished Life Vision is to empower women and families to cultivate and sustain Life Balance by Nourishing the Body, Mind and Spirit. We believe in a Whole Person approach to health and well-being. We will identify your health concerns such as weight, blood sugar, hormones, stress, heart, gut and brain health, and then explore the healing power of food to re-balance your body. Together, we will co-create a wellness plan with nutrition & lifestyle strategies to achieve your goals. We will identify personal lifestyle barriers that are holding you back, then deconstruct them to reveal your best self.
My ideal client is someone who has struggled with weight loss or maintaining their results, feels frustrated by diets that don’t work, and wants a sustainable approach that fits their lifestyle. They are ready for personalized guidance, real-food strategies, and ongoing support to achieve lasting weight loss, improve energy, and build healthy habits that stick. Their goal is not just to lose weight, but to gain confidence, feel healthier, and maintain results long-term.
My ideal client is someone who has struggled with weight loss or maintaining their results, feels frustrated by diets that don’t work, and wants a sustainable approach that fits their lifestyle. They are ready for personalized guidance, real-food strategies, and ongoing support to achieve lasting weight loss, improve energy, and build healthy habits that stick. Their goal is not just to lose weight, but to gain confidence, feel healthier, and maintain results long-term.
A medical nutrition therapy practice specializing in nutrition and wellness, disease prevention and disease treatment. I have a unique combination of basic science research and clinical experience which allows me to provide up to date nutrition information in a down to earth way. Nutrition education and behavior counseling is provided. Reach out if you want highly individualized guidance.
A medical nutrition therapy practice specializing in nutrition and wellness, disease prevention and disease treatment. I have a unique combination of basic science research and clinical experience which allows me to provide up to date nutrition information in a down to earth way. Nutrition education and behavior counseling is provided. Reach out if you want highly individualized guidance.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. My name is Hannah Byrne, MS, RDN, LDN and I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist . I completed my Bachelor of Science in Dietetics with a specialization in Health Promotion at Michigan State University and my Master of Science in Dietetics from D'Youville College. My goal is to help my clients achieve their health and wellness goals while also helping them realize that eating healthy is not only optimal for living their best life, but also can be really simple and fun.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. My name is Hannah Byrne, MS, RDN, LDN and I am a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist . I completed my Bachelor of Science in Dietetics with a specialization in Health Promotion at Michigan State University and my Master of Science in Dietetics from D'Youville College. My goal is to help my clients achieve their health and wellness goals while also helping them realize that eating healthy is not only optimal for living their best life, but also can be really simple and fun.
I became a Registered Dietitian because I am passionate about food, wellness, and helping others. My passion for nutrition strengthens each and every day, as I grow and gain further knowledge in the field. Throughout the last few years, I have broadened my horizons when it comes to the nutrition field. This has allowed me to grow and realize where my passions lie in the nutrition world. Over the past few years, I have helped countless clients of all ages achieve their goals - whether that be weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol - you name it, I've treated it!
I became a Registered Dietitian because I am passionate about food, wellness, and helping others. My passion for nutrition strengthens each and every day, as I grow and gain further knowledge in the field. Throughout the last few years, I have broadened my horizons when it comes to the nutrition field. This has allowed me to grow and realize where my passions lie in the nutrition world. Over the past few years, I have helped countless clients of all ages achieve their goals - whether that be weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol - you name it, I've treated it!
Are you trying to conceive, navigating IVF, or currently pregnant and looking for expert nutrition guidance? Many women struggle with hormonal imbalances, PCOS, endometriosis, insulin resistance, or pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes. Others simply want to ensure they’re getting the best nutrition for a healthy pregnancy and baby. My clients seek personalized, science-based support to optimize fertility, improve egg quality, regulate blood sugar, and support a healthy pregnancy. If you’re feeling overwhelmed by conflicting advice, I’m here to provide clear, evidence-based nutrition strategies tailored to your journey.
Are you trying to conceive, navigating IVF, or currently pregnant and looking for expert nutrition guidance? Many women struggle with hormonal imbalances, PCOS, endometriosis, insulin resistance, or pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes. Others simply want to ensure they’re getting the best nutrition for a healthy pregnancy and baby. My clients seek personalized, science-based support to optimize fertility, improve egg quality, regulate blood sugar, and support a healthy pregnancy. If you’re feeling overwhelmed by conflicting advice, I’m here to provide clear, evidence-based nutrition strategies tailored to your journey.
If you or a loved one find yourself consumed with overwhelming fears about food or the body, stuck in the trenches of an eating disorder, trapped in chronic cycles of dieting, or unsure how to fuel your body as an athlete — you can exhale. I am here offering unwavering support to help you cut through the noise, heal your relationship with food, optimize your health or performance, and reclaim your strongest, healthiest, and happiest self. As a dietitian specializing in eating disorders, sports nutrition, and weight-inclusive Medical Nutrition Therapy, I offer a holistic and balanced approach that supports both body and mind.
If you or a loved one find yourself consumed with overwhelming fears about food or the body, stuck in the trenches of an eating disorder, trapped in chronic cycles of dieting, or unsure how to fuel your body as an athlete — you can exhale. I am here offering unwavering support to help you cut through the noise, heal your relationship with food, optimize your health or performance, and reclaim your strongest, healthiest, and happiest self. As a dietitian specializing in eating disorders, sports nutrition, and weight-inclusive Medical Nutrition Therapy, I offer a holistic and balanced approach that supports both body and mind.
Hi there! I’m Nadia Berry, a Registered Dietitian specializing in supporting individuals navigating eating disorders and body image struggles. I’m here to help you create space between yourself and your eating disorder, guiding you toward a balanced, nourishing relationship with food. My trauma-informed approach blends practical nutrition strategies with compassionate emotional support, helping you heal from within. I meet you where you're at, tailoring my care to support lasting recovery and empower you to live a life that aligns with your values.
Hi there! I’m Nadia Berry, a Registered Dietitian specializing in supporting individuals navigating eating disorders and body image struggles. I’m here to help you create space between yourself and your eating disorder, guiding you toward a balanced, nourishing relationship with food. My trauma-informed approach blends practical nutrition strategies with compassionate emotional support, helping you heal from within. I meet you where you're at, tailoring my care to support lasting recovery and empower you to live a life that aligns with your values.
Are you tired of feeling fatigued, having digestive issues(such as reflux, diarrhea, bloating, gas), having brain fog, suffering from muscle and joint pain? Do you have a history of Lyme Disease and antibiotic use that can cause "leaky gut" (GI-gastrointestinal tract)? Does your history include chronic health conditions such as IBS, Fibromyalgia, Migraines, Rheumatoid Arthritis or eczema? Through a personalized treatment plan Barbara can help you get to the root cause of your health issues and provide you with the solutions that you need to be able to enjoy life again!
Are you tired of feeling fatigued, having digestive issues(such as reflux, diarrhea, bloating, gas), having brain fog, suffering from muscle and joint pain? Do you have a history of Lyme Disease and antibiotic use that can cause "leaky gut" (GI-gastrointestinal tract)? Does your history include chronic health conditions such as IBS, Fibromyalgia, Migraines, Rheumatoid Arthritis or eczema? Through a personalized treatment plan Barbara can help you get to the root cause of your health issues and provide you with the solutions that you need to be able to enjoy life again!
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AND CONDUCTING TELE-HEALTH SESSIONS.** Meal prep and weight loss made simple. *Nutrition solutions for busy men and women **Realistic advice with actionable takeaways, meal plans, recipes, goal setting, and more.
***ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS AND CONDUCTING TELE-HEALTH SESSIONS.** Meal prep and weight loss made simple. *Nutrition solutions for busy men and women **Realistic advice with actionable takeaways, meal plans, recipes, goal setting, and more.
FAQs - About Nutritionists and Dietitians
How can I find a dietitian or nutritionist in Princeton Junction?
To find dietitians and nutritionists near you, input your city, town, suburb, zip code, or a provider's name in the search bar at the top of the page. From there, you can filter by specialty, treatment technique, and gender to find a dietitian or nutritionist who matches your needs.
When you visit a dietitian or nutritionist's profile, you can get a better idea if they're the right fit for you. Consider things like session cost, accepted insurance plans, and their location or telehealth options. If someone seems like a good match, you can email them or call the number on their profile. When speaking with a professional, pay attention to whether or not you feel comfortable in the conversation and how knowledgeable they are about your specific nutrition concerns. It may also be helpful to ask more about their general approach to nutrition and the training behind their credentials.
When you visit a dietitian or nutritionist's profile, you can get a better idea if they're the right fit for you. Consider things like session cost, accepted insurance plans, and their location or telehealth options. If someone seems like a good match, you can email them or call the number on their profile. When speaking with a professional, pay attention to whether or not you feel comfortable in the conversation and how knowledgeable they are about your specific nutrition concerns. It may also be helpful to ask more about their general approach to nutrition and the training behind their credentials.
What is the difference between a dietitian and a nutritionist?
The terms dietitian and nutritionist are often used interchangeably. However, there are actually key credential differences between dietitians and nutritionists that are important to keep in mind when seeking a nutrition professional.
A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) has earned at least a graduate degree from an accredited program, completed a supervised practice program, passed the Commission on Dietetic Registration exam, and continues their education regularly. The RD and RDN credentials are regulated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the largest nutrition-related organization in the country. Only professionals who meet their standards can call themselves an RD or RDN and enjoy privileges like billing insurance. Additionally, RDs and RDNs can get board certifications in specialized areas such as gerontological nutrition (CSG), sports dietetics (CSSD), pediatric nutrition (CSP), renal nutrition (CSR), or oncology nutrition (CSO). They also need state licensure, which usually aligns with national requirements.
In contrast, the title "nutritionist" doesn't require any formal education or credentials; anyone can use the title of nutritionist, including those with very limited or no formal training in nutrition. Although there are certification programs that are marketed toward those interested in nutrition counseling, the rigor and academic requirements for such programs varies greatly. These important differences between dietitians and nutritionists are thus very important to consider when choosing the right nutrition professional for your needs. To be listed in the HealthProfs directory, Nutritionists must have a minimum of a Masters Degree in a relevant field.
A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) has earned at least a graduate degree from an accredited program, completed a supervised practice program, passed the Commission on Dietetic Registration exam, and continues their education regularly. The RD and RDN credentials are regulated by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the largest nutrition-related organization in the country. Only professionals who meet their standards can call themselves an RD or RDN and enjoy privileges like billing insurance. Additionally, RDs and RDNs can get board certifications in specialized areas such as gerontological nutrition (CSG), sports dietetics (CSSD), pediatric nutrition (CSP), renal nutrition (CSR), or oncology nutrition (CSO). They also need state licensure, which usually aligns with national requirements.
In contrast, the title "nutritionist" doesn't require any formal education or credentials; anyone can use the title of nutritionist, including those with very limited or no formal training in nutrition. Although there are certification programs that are marketed toward those interested in nutrition counseling, the rigor and academic requirements for such programs varies greatly. These important differences between dietitians and nutritionists are thus very important to consider when choosing the right nutrition professional for your needs. To be listed in the HealthProfs directory, Nutritionists must have a minimum of a Masters Degree in a relevant field.
When should I see a dietitian or a nutritionist?
Clients seek nutritional support from dietitians and nutritionists for various reasons, ranging from medical conditions to lifestyle concerns like weight loss or dietary requirements; however, it's always important to find a professional who is a good fit for you. Consider factors such as insurance coverage, your specific medical or dietary concerns, and the availability of professionals near you to determine whether a dietitian or nutritionist may be a better fit.
Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, especially for those with medical conditions. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you might want to seek out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR). These credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area. Additionally, consider the availability of professionals in your area and their openness to telehealth sessions. While the field of dietetics is growing, there may not always be a wide selection of professionals, especially in rural areas. In such cases, focusing on the experience and expertise of the nutrition professional can be more important than their specific credentials.
Generally, nutritionists are not covered by insurance, whereas Registered Dietitians (RDs) often are, especially for those with medical conditions. If you have a chronic medical condition like cancer or kidney disease, you might want to seek out an RD with specialized expertise, such as a Board Certified Specialist in Oncology Nutrition (CSO) or a Board Certified Specialist in Renal Nutrition (CSR). These credentials indicate advanced education and a commitment to ongoing learning within a specific area. Additionally, consider the availability of professionals in your area and their openness to telehealth sessions. While the field of dietetics is growing, there may not always be a wide selection of professionals, especially in rural areas. In such cases, focusing on the experience and expertise of the nutrition professional can be more important than their specific credentials.
Do I need a referral to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?
A referral is not required to see a dietitian or nutritionist, and many individuals independently seek nutritional support without prior medical advice. However, for a nutrition service to be covered by insurance, a referral from a primary care physician or another medical professional may be necessary. In such cases, a referral is typically made for those who have been formally diagnosed with a medical condition requiring nutrition counseling, such as diabetes or hypertension. If insurance coverage is critical to a client's ability to see a dietitian, they should contact their insurance provider to determine if a referral is needed for nutritional counseling and to understand any potential co-pays or coverage limits that may apply in their individual circumstance.
How much does it cost to see a dietitian or a nutritionist?
The cost of seeing a dietitian or nutritionist depends on a number of variables, including their location, their specialty, whether they take insurance, and the professional's experience and training. On average, the cost of out-of-pocket sessions with a dietitian or nutritionist within the United States ranges from $50-$150. In some cases, nutrition professionals will require a longer initial evaluation session that will cost more than ongoing follow-up sessions. Dietitians and nutritionists may also offer packages for clients interested in longer-term nutritional support; in such cases, they may charge monthly or other periodic fees for more comprehensive services, such as a combination of nutrition sessions and out-of-session coaching support. If nutrition services are covered by a client's insurance plan and they are eligible for coverage based on any referral requirements, the out-of-pocket cost of seeing a dietitian may be completely covered or significantly reduced.
Are consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist covered by insurance?
If your insurance covers nutrition services, the cost is usually lower than paying out-of-pocket. However, insurance coverage can vary based on factors like your specific plan details, whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network provider, and whether you have a referral for nutrition services based on a medical diagnosis.
Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee. However, these spots are often limited and may not always be available.
Coverage also depends on the type of nutrition service. Typically, insurance plans only cover services provided by a licensed Registered Dietitian (RD) and do not cover those offered by nutritionists or nutrition coaches without the RD credential. If nutrition services are not covered by your insurance, some dietitians and nutritionists may offer sliding scale rates or lower-cost services for clients who cannot afford their full fee. However, these spots are often limited and may not always be available.