Pregnancy Nutritionists and Dietitians in Gaithersburg, MD

Photo of Carly Fisher, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN, CNS
Carly Fisher
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN, CNS
Verified Verified
Online Only
I firmly believe in the transformative power of food to promote and sustain health. Adequate nutrition is fundamental for well-being; without it, true health is unattainable. However, I also recognize that nutrition is just one aspect of holistic wellness. My passion lies in guiding individuals to cultivate a balanced relationship with food, alleviating concerns about weight and chronic conditions. By fostering this harmony, my goal is to empower clients to prioritize what truly matters in life, embracing a sense of peace within their own bodies.
I firmly believe in the transformative power of food to promote and sustain health. Adequate nutrition is fundamental for well-being; without it, true health is unattainable. However, I also recognize that nutrition is just one aspect of holistic wellness. My passion lies in guiding individuals to cultivate a balanced relationship with food, alleviating concerns about weight and chronic conditions. By fostering this harmony, my goal is to empower clients to prioritize what truly matters in life, embracing a sense of peace within their own bodies.
(301) 901-3544 View (301) 901-3544
Photo of Ashley Comparin, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN, CNS
Ashley Comparin
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, LDN, CNS
Verified Verified
Online Only
Because of my own personal health journey, I empathize with people who feel trapped and worried that their health challenges have become the new normal. I support my clients and make their voices heard in order to tackle the health challenge head-on.
Because of my own personal health journey, I empathize with people who feel trapped and worried that their health challenges have become the new normal. I support my clients and make their voices heard in order to tackle the health challenge head-on.
(302) 202-5289 View (302) 202-5289
Photo of Alyson Roux, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Alyson Roux
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I've been there; exhausted and stressed out where food is my last priority. I help clients identify simple, easy ways to support their bodies.
I've been there; exhausted and stressed out where food is my last priority. I help clients identify simple, easy ways to support their bodies.
(224) 218-5455 View (224) 218-5455

More Dietitians and Nutritionists Nearby

Photo of Maureen Rieras, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Maureen Rieras
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Verified Verified
Online Only
I welcome clients looking to address all types of concerns including digestive complaints, fertility and pregnancy, weight loss, disordered eating, diabetes/blood sugar management, cholesterol/elevated blood lipids, elevated blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome.
My name is Maureen Rieras and I am a Certified Nutrition Specialist licensed in the state of Maryland. I am a preferred provider for BCBS/CareFirst. My practice is rooted in treating the whole person. Food is fundamental to great health and there are other aspects that may need to be addressed as well. We’ll look at your lifestyle, sleep, exercise, relationships, work, and underlying health conditions. I strongly believe that “food is medicine” because what’s on the end of your fork has the power to heal your body. I also use herbs and supplements for specific conditions to facilitate healing and replenish the body.
I welcome clients looking to address all types of concerns including digestive complaints, fertility and pregnancy, weight loss, disordered eating, diabetes/blood sugar management, cholesterol/elevated blood lipids, elevated blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome.
My name is Maureen Rieras and I am a Certified Nutrition Specialist licensed in the state of Maryland. I am a preferred provider for BCBS/CareFirst. My practice is rooted in treating the whole person. Food is fundamental to great health and there are other aspects that may need to be addressed as well. We’ll look at your lifestyle, sleep, exercise, relationships, work, and underlying health conditions. I strongly believe that “food is medicine” because what’s on the end of your fork has the power to heal your body. I also use herbs and supplements for specific conditions to facilitate healing and replenish the body.
(240) 209-9880 View (240) 209-9880
Photo of Stephanie Sudjian, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, MEd, RD, LDN, IFMCP
Stephanie Sudjian
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, MEd, RD, LDN, IFMCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
My areas of expertise within women's health include unexplained infertility, endometriosis, PCOS, thyroid disorders, dysautonomia (POTS & MALS), pregnancy and postpartum nutrition, and menopause.
Hi there! I am a seasoned Integrative & Functional Registered Dietitian specializing in women’s health. My mission is to change the dialogue & outcomes surrounding women's health by empowering women to better understand how their bodies function. With over a decade of advanced education & specialized functional training, I am committed to guiding women toward the health outcomes they deserve, with a focus on genuine care and comprehensive lifestyle solutions including stress management, movement, sleep hygiene, social connection, and nervous system support.
My areas of expertise within women's health include unexplained infertility, endometriosis, PCOS, thyroid disorders, dysautonomia (POTS & MALS), pregnancy and postpartum nutrition, and menopause.
Hi there! I am a seasoned Integrative & Functional Registered Dietitian specializing in women’s health. My mission is to change the dialogue & outcomes surrounding women's health by empowering women to better understand how their bodies function. With over a decade of advanced education & specialized functional training, I am committed to guiding women toward the health outcomes they deserve, with a focus on genuine care and comprehensive lifestyle solutions including stress management, movement, sleep hygiene, social connection, and nervous system support.
(484) 642-0482 View (484) 642-0482
Photo of Shaina Duvall, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, LDN
Shaina Duvall
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I specialize in pediatric, prenatal, postpartum & vegan/vegetarian nutrition with an intuitive eating, non-diet & personalized approach.
I love supporting families with nutrition & feeding challenges. When working together, we will set realistic & achievable goals. I don't give out standard meal plans or diets but instead focus on meeting nutrient needs - adding instead of taking away and helping you feel confident nourishing yourself and your family. I know you are doing the best you can & together we will come up with strategies to help you reach your nutrition goals.
I specialize in pediatric, prenatal, postpartum & vegan/vegetarian nutrition with an intuitive eating, non-diet & personalized approach.
I love supporting families with nutrition & feeding challenges. When working together, we will set realistic & achievable goals. I don't give out standard meal plans or diets but instead focus on meeting nutrient needs - adding instead of taking away and helping you feel confident nourishing yourself and your family. I know you are doing the best you can & together we will come up with strategies to help you reach your nutrition goals.
(703) 686-5035 View (703) 686-5035
Photo of Jennifer Shapiro, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LD
Jennifer Shapiro
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, LD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Whether you're navigating pregnancy to postpartum, looking to improve PCOS or endometriosis symptoms, dealing with a complex medical issue, or simply looking to fuel your busy life, I bring evidence-based expertise and a compassionate approach to every step of your journey.
I specialize in women's health- including hormone balance, fertility, PCOS, pregnancy, postpartum and lactation. I also provide support for general wellness, weight management, digestive/gut health, and chronic conditions with evidence-based guidance, meal plans, and practical tools. I’ll help you build sustainable habits for a healthier, happier you.
Whether you're navigating pregnancy to postpartum, looking to improve PCOS or endometriosis symptoms, dealing with a complex medical issue, or simply looking to fuel your busy life, I bring evidence-based expertise and a compassionate approach to every step of your journey.
I specialize in women's health- including hormone balance, fertility, PCOS, pregnancy, postpartum and lactation. I also provide support for general wellness, weight management, digestive/gut health, and chronic conditions with evidence-based guidance, meal plans, and practical tools. I’ll help you build sustainable habits for a healthier, happier you.
(470) 431-5800 View (470) 431-5800
Photo of Nicole Federica, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LD
Nicole Federica
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am passionate about helping patients who have diabetes, PCOS, autoimmune disease and celiac disease; and pregnancy and postpartum nutrition.
With a strong belief in the power of preventative medicine through whole foods nutrition, Nicole aims to empower patients to improve their overall health by working towards their specific health goals. When we feel our best, it has the capability to create a positive ripple effect into so many areas of our lives. She believes there is no one-size-fits all approach to nutrition, which is why patients receive tailored nutrition plans rooted in patient autonomy and sustainable changes over time.
I am passionate about helping patients who have diabetes, PCOS, autoimmune disease and celiac disease; and pregnancy and postpartum nutrition.
With a strong belief in the power of preventative medicine through whole foods nutrition, Nicole aims to empower patients to improve their overall health by working towards their specific health goals. When we feel our best, it has the capability to create a positive ripple effect into so many areas of our lives. She believes there is no one-size-fits all approach to nutrition, which is why patients receive tailored nutrition plans rooted in patient autonomy and sustainable changes over time.
(240) 896-4390 View (240) 896-4390
Photo of Emilee Young, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LD
Emilee Young
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Registered Dietitian dedicated to helping those in eating disorder recovery and in the prenatal and postpartum stages of parenthood.
I use a Health at Every Size (HAES) and Intuitive Eating framework. My approach is rooted in body neutrality, prioritizing overall well-being, without a focus on weight. Rather than fixating on numbers, I encourage fostering positive connections with food. My sessions are client-centered. You know your body best therefore I am here as a supporting hand.
I am a Registered Dietitian dedicated to helping those in eating disorder recovery and in the prenatal and postpartum stages of parenthood.
I use a Health at Every Size (HAES) and Intuitive Eating framework. My approach is rooted in body neutrality, prioritizing overall well-being, without a focus on weight. Rather than fixating on numbers, I encourage fostering positive connections with food. My sessions are client-centered. You know your body best therefore I am here as a supporting hand.
(571) 701-1217 View (571) 701-1217
Photo of Kaitlin Williams Eckstein, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LD
Kaitlin Williams Eckstein
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RD, LD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Greenbelt, MD 20770
Planning meals for fertility, prenatal nutrition, women's health, hormones, diabetes, PCOS, kidney disease and heart health are my specialties.
You can often see me on cooking fun, healthy meals during live cooking demos on our facebook live, blogs, corporate events, support groups, cooking classes and local television. You can also see me in our Greenbelt, and Columbia offices. I can also provide telehealth appointments that are often covered by your health insurance plan.
Planning meals for fertility, prenatal nutrition, women's health, hormones, diabetes, PCOS, kidney disease and heart health are my specialties.
You can often see me on cooking fun, healthy meals during live cooking demos on our facebook live, blogs, corporate events, support groups, cooking classes and local television. You can also see me in our Greenbelt, and Columbia offices. I can also provide telehealth appointments that are often covered by your health insurance plan.
(301) 918-5654 View (301) 918-5654
Photo of Saima Chaudhry, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDCES
Saima Chaudhry
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN, CDCES
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in pre-diabetes, gestational diabetes, diabetes type 2, weight management, PCOS, cholesterol, high blood pressure, gut health, bariatric surgery, pregnancy/lactation and South Asian health.
I help individuals overcome health challenges and achieve their goals with personalized, sustainable plans. My approach focuses on real food and a mind-body connection to support healing and long-term wellness. Whether you're managing diabetes, digestive issues, or other health conditions, I provide expert guidance, practical tools, and compassionate coaching to help you take control of your health. With small, achievable steps, I make the journey simple, sustainable, and empowering—so you can thrive and live a vibrant, fulfilling life.
I specialize in pre-diabetes, gestational diabetes, diabetes type 2, weight management, PCOS, cholesterol, high blood pressure, gut health, bariatric surgery, pregnancy/lactation and South Asian health.
I help individuals overcome health challenges and achieve their goals with personalized, sustainable plans. My approach focuses on real food and a mind-body connection to support healing and long-term wellness. Whether you're managing diabetes, digestive issues, or other health conditions, I provide expert guidance, practical tools, and compassionate coaching to help you take control of your health. With small, achievable steps, I make the journey simple, sustainable, and empowering—so you can thrive and live a vibrant, fulfilling life.
(240) 776-7682 View (240) 776-7682
Photo of Anne Suelzer, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Anne Suelzer
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN
Verified Verified
Online Only
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
Anne is passionate about working collaboratively with clients to help them make healthy and sustainable diet changes that support their lifestyle and hormonal health. She understands food’s crucial role in balancing hormones and believes in the power of evidence-based research to guide her practice. Anne is particularly interested in the gut-brain connection and how it influences overall well-being. She emphasizes the importance of consuming whole foods that nourish the body and believes that access to nutritious food should be available to all.
(469) 960-5661 View (469) 960-5661
Photo of Amelia Brett Foley, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN
Amelia Brett Foley
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MPH, RDN
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a white, queer, registered dietitian (RDN) and certified Intuitive Eating Counselor with extensive experience in food justice, trauma-aware counseling, and embodiment coaching. I am passionate about helping clients cultivate more connected, easeful relationships with food and their bodies. ​ Whether you're seeking to heal from an eating disorder, manage a health condition, or generally nourish your body with more care, trust, and respect, I welcome the opportunity to work with you towards your personal goals.
I am a white, queer, registered dietitian (RDN) and certified Intuitive Eating Counselor with extensive experience in food justice, trauma-aware counseling, and embodiment coaching. I am passionate about helping clients cultivate more connected, easeful relationships with food and their bodies. ​ Whether you're seeking to heal from an eating disorder, manage a health condition, or generally nourish your body with more care, trust, and respect, I welcome the opportunity to work with you towards your personal goals.
(301) 215-2651 View (301) 215-2651
Photo of Paige Bates, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Paige Bates
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN
Verified Verified
Online Only
Paige is a Registered Dietitian with over 7 years of experience in several areas of nutrition, including but not limited to clinical nutrition for adults and neonates, pediatrics, public health, and weight management. She realized at an early age that she was passionate about helping people improve their health and well-being through holistic nutrition and lifestyle management. She is particularly passionate about working with women to manage their hormone health, including conditions such as PCOS, infertility, and other similar issues.
Paige is a Registered Dietitian with over 7 years of experience in several areas of nutrition, including but not limited to clinical nutrition for adults and neonates, pediatrics, public health, and weight management. She realized at an early age that she was passionate about helping people improve their health and well-being through holistic nutrition and lifestyle management. She is particularly passionate about working with women to manage their hormone health, including conditions such as PCOS, infertility, and other similar issues.
(817) 904-2629 View (817) 904-2629
Photo of Allison Tepper, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN, RYT
Allison Tepper
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RD, LDN, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Registered Dietitian and Registered Yoga Teacher and am passionate about helping clients achieve their goals through an overall lifestyle approach that is unique to each person. My focus is on helping clients create change in a balanced way, with a focus on intuitive eating and Health At Every Size. I believe that nutrition isn't just about food, but your entire lifestyle as well. Taking care of yourself through movement, adequate sleep, stress management and intuitive eating are all components of living a healthy life and my goal is to help you find what will work best for your lifestyle and needs.
I am a Registered Dietitian and Registered Yoga Teacher and am passionate about helping clients achieve their goals through an overall lifestyle approach that is unique to each person. My focus is on helping clients create change in a balanced way, with a focus on intuitive eating and Health At Every Size. I believe that nutrition isn't just about food, but your entire lifestyle as well. Taking care of yourself through movement, adequate sleep, stress management and intuitive eating are all components of living a healthy life and my goal is to help you find what will work best for your lifestyle and needs.
(631) 364-0149 View (631) 364-0149
Photo of Joanna Pustilnik - Bodacious Nutrition LLC, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES, CIEC
Bodacious Nutrition LLC
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, RDN, CDCES, CIEC
Verified Verified
Online Only
At Bodacious Nutrition, we specialize in helping clients find optimal health AND food and body peace. Joanna is a virtual somatic registered dietitian/nutritionist and Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor. She specializes in a food-relationship first approach for a variety of health concerns including heart and metabolic health, food peace with GLP-1s, Intuitive Eating and body image coaching, nutrition for mental health, plant-based eating, eating disorders and disordered eating, PCOS, perimenopause/menopause, and IBS and digestion. She is a weight-neutral dietitian, and sessions are collaborative, empowering, and virtual.
At Bodacious Nutrition, we specialize in helping clients find optimal health AND food and body peace. Joanna is a virtual somatic registered dietitian/nutritionist and Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor. She specializes in a food-relationship first approach for a variety of health concerns including heart and metabolic health, food peace with GLP-1s, Intuitive Eating and body image coaching, nutrition for mental health, plant-based eating, eating disorders and disordered eating, PCOS, perimenopause/menopause, and IBS and digestion. She is a weight-neutral dietitian, and sessions are collaborative, empowering, and virtual.
(571) 554-2709 View (571) 554-2709
Photo of Brooke Mader - Nutrition by Brooke, Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Nutrition by Brooke
Nutritionist/Dietitian, MS, CNS, LDN
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a board-certified Clinical & Integrative Nutritionist specializing in the functional medicine approach to nutrition. I help individuals find and address the root cause of imbalances rather than simply treating symptoms. In my practice, I provide individuals with personalized, whole-person care. I meet my clients where they are on their health journey. I believe every single person deserves to have the education and support they need in order to heal themselves and live a healthy life. I'd love to help you get started.
I am a board-certified Clinical & Integrative Nutritionist specializing in the functional medicine approach to nutrition. I help individuals find and address the root cause of imbalances rather than simply treating symptoms. In my practice, I provide individuals with personalized, whole-person care. I meet my clients where they are on their health journey. I believe every single person deserves to have the education and support they need in order to heal themselves and live a healthy life. I'd love to help you get started.
(424) 361-7755 View (424) 361-7755
Photo of The Health And Healing Collective - The Health and Healing Collective, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
The Health and Healing Collective
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Welcome to The Health and Healing Collective, a virtual private practice dedicated to making nutrition counseling stress-free and accessible. We understand that every body is unique, crafting personalized plans based on your health history, goals, and daily routine. Our commitment to affordability means we're in-network with major health insurance companies, often covering 100% with unlimited visits. We believe nutritional counseling should be accessible to all, which is why we accept insurance. With flexible meeting times, including weekends, and a user-friendly telehealth platform, our service is convenient wherever you are.
Welcome to The Health and Healing Collective, a virtual private practice dedicated to making nutrition counseling stress-free and accessible. We understand that every body is unique, crafting personalized plans based on your health history, goals, and daily routine. Our commitment to affordability means we're in-network with major health insurance companies, often covering 100% with unlimited visits. We believe nutritional counseling should be accessible to all, which is why we accept insurance. With flexible meeting times, including weekends, and a user-friendly telehealth platform, our service is convenient wherever you are.
(848) 220-1786 View (848) 220-1786
Photo of Morgan Schmitt, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Morgan Schmitt
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Morgan is a registered dietitian committed to improving overall health and well-being. She specializes in supporting individuals with diabetes, gut health issues, PCOS, and thyroid management. With a holistic approach, Morgan goes beyond assessing dietary habits to consider various lifestyle factors such as sleep patterns, stress levels, and one's relationship with food. Morgan combines her expertise in nutrition with a compassionate approach to guide individuals on their journey towards improved health and wellness. Morgan recognizes that everyone's health and wellness journey is unique.
Morgan is a registered dietitian committed to improving overall health and well-being. She specializes in supporting individuals with diabetes, gut health issues, PCOS, and thyroid management. With a holistic approach, Morgan goes beyond assessing dietary habits to consider various lifestyle factors such as sleep patterns, stress levels, and one's relationship with food. Morgan combines her expertise in nutrition with a compassionate approach to guide individuals on their journey towards improved health and wellness. Morgan recognizes that everyone's health and wellness journey is unique.
(240) 237-9607 View (240) 237-9607
Photo of Klara Knezevic, Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CLT
Klara Knezevic
Nutritionist/Dietitian, RDN, LDN, CLT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbia, MD 21045
My passion is to help you feel better and live your life to the fullest, without feeling restricted by food choices. Whether you are struggling with an eating disorder, undergoing cancer treatment or attempting to manage a chronic illness, I am here to help! I will work with you to find a personalized nutrition approach that works for you based on your unique situation and including your favorite current foods and inspiration with new foods using our own quick, easy recipes.
My passion is to help you feel better and live your life to the fullest, without feeling restricted by food choices. Whether you are struggling with an eating disorder, undergoing cancer treatment or attempting to manage a chronic illness, I am here to help! I will work with you to find a personalized nutrition approach that works for you based on your unique situation and including your favorite current foods and inspiration with new foods using our own quick, easy recipes.
(301) 804-2249 View (301) 804-2249
Pregnancy Nutritionists and Dietitians

What should I eat during pregnancy?

A healthy and balanced diet during pregnancy is crucial for both maternal and child health, and it supports recovery and breastfeeding in the postpartum period. It is important to consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods, including whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. These foods provide essential nutrients needed for a healthy pregnancy, such as folic acid found in beans, eggs, and spinach, which supports the development of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Additionally, breastfeeding women typically burn an extra 300 calories per day on average, so it is important to ensure an adequate calorie intake to meet this increased demand.

What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?

Nutrition experts generally advise women to avoid alcohol, caffeine, and high-sugar foods during pregnancy. It is also recommended that postpartum mothers avoid foods that contain high levels of harmful chemicals, which may negatively impact a newborn's development if passed on to them; specifically, the FDA thus recommends that women limit consumption of high-mercury fish, such as tuna, mackerel, swordfish, and shark. In addition, pregnant women should not consume raw or potentially undercooked meats and seafood, which may contain bacteria that can harm the fetus and put the mother at greater risk of developing a foodborne illness.

Can nutrition help with pregnancy symptoms?

Nutrition plays a key role in pregnancy, and can significantly impact common symptoms of pregnancy—such as nausea, vomiting, and appetite changes. Experts usually recommend that women focus on consuming a balanced diet as much as possible when pregnant. However, some women with extreme morning sickness or similar symptoms may need to focus on consuming more bland foods, such as plain toast, applesauce, rice, or oatmeal, in order to manage symptoms. In addition, eating small but frequent meals can help reduce symptoms for many women, as can drinking an adequate amount of water. In some cases, if women are unable to meet their nutrient needs, such as their folic acid intake, through their diet due to pregnancy symptoms, they may choose to take supplements to ensure that they are still meeting their nutrient needs.

Should pregnant mothers see a dietitian?

Many pregnant women may find it beneficial to consult with a dietitian. While OB/GYNs can address general dietary questions during pregnancy, dietitians specializing in pregnancy nutrition can offer valuable support for those with specific nutrition-related concerns. OB/GYNs often maintain lists of recommended dietitians who specialize in pregnancy, providing a useful resource for pregnant women if needed. Dietitians can be particularly helpful for women experiencing issues like severe food intolerances or nausea. They can assess whether these symptoms are within normal ranges or require further medical attention. Additionally, dietitians can help pregnant women identify foods that alleviate pregnancy-related symptoms such as nausea, and ensure they consume a diverse range of foods to maintain a balanced diet throughout pregnancy.